Earlier (1950s - early 1970s) development planning in African countries was essentially perceived and conceived as macro-economic planning. This perception placed overriding emphasis on the projection and maximization of national economic aggregates such as the GDP, the GNP per capita income, level of employment, stability of price levels etc. as sole measures of economic development performance.
La planification du développement dans les pays africains était au départ(années 50 - début des années 70) perdue et conçue essentiellement comme une planification macro-économique. Cette perception mettait essentiellement l'accent sur la projection et la maximisation des agrégats économiques nationaux tels que le PIB, le PNB, le revenu par habitant, le niveau de l'emploi, la stabilité des
niveaux de prix comme seuls moyens de mesurer le développement économique.
This report is on output of the programme element selected to activities on reduction of post-harvest food losses- contained in the approved work programme and budget of the Commission for the biennium I986-1987. Its main objective is to report to the eighth meeting of the Technical Preparatory Committee of the Whole, to the thirteenth meeting of the Conference of ministers and to the General Assembly on measures taken by African member stats to reduce post-harvest food losses over the period 1975-1985.
This analysis of global and Asian markets looks at protectionism and substitution (decline in starch trade, rise in trade of cassava feedstuffs) and the Asian regional market for cassava feedstuffs. The degree of substitution between cassava and grains has increased measurably during the postwar period. Cassava's future in world markets depends on its ability to compete with grains; so far this has depended on grain pricing policies and tariff structures of importing countries, making cassava trade more vulnerable than the international grain trade.
In Thailand cassava is produced mainly for export. The Thai cassava industry was based on starch export until the 60s when West Germany began to use CSW for animal feed. As this was a by-product of starch manufacturing, shortages resulted, leading to the market for CM. Chips became the dominant export in 1964 and so did native pellets in 1969, and hard pellets in 1983. Thailand went from a minor producer of cassava in the 50s to presently the 2nd largest in the world. Data are provided on production trends, yields (av.
The agricultural economy of Malaysia has traditionally been export-oriented. Cassava was the 1st of the export crops, established in the 1850s. Malaysia is a land-surplus, labor-scarce economy; thus cassava was planted in a shifting cultivation system giving it the image of a soil-depleting crop. Data are also provided on yields, production systems, production costs and labor utilization, and pricing and market efficiency. The national plan through 2000 emphasizes tree crops, which could affect cassava production.
La presente Ley se funda en una concepción integral del problema ecológico y en la decisión política de hacerle frente, sumando los esfuerzos del Estado y la sociedad.
La presente Ley Orgánica de Ordenación Urbanística, tiene por objeto la ordenación del desarrollo urbanístico en todo el territorio nacional con el fin de procurar el crecimiento armónico de los centros poblados. El desarrollo urbanístico salvaguarda los recursos ambientales y la calidad de vida en los centros urbanos. La ordenación urbanística comprende el conjunto de acciones y regulaciones tendentes a la planificación, desarrollo, conservación y renovación de los centros poblados.
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