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Showing items 1 through 9 of 13.

Library Resource

Urbanization and the Geography of Development

Reports & Research
Policy Papers & Briefs
May, 2014
Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa
Land & Investments
Urban Tenure
decentralization
land markets
land titling
property rights
urban areas
urban population
urbanization
This paper focuses on three interrelated questions on urbanization and the geography of development. First, although we herald cities with their industrial bases as "engines of growth," does industrialization in fact drive urbanization? While such relationships appear in the data, the process is not straightforward. Among developing countries, changes in income or industrialization correlate only weakly with changes in urbanization. This suggests that policy and institutional factors may also influence the urbanization process.
Library Resource

Property Grabbing from Ugandan Widows and the Justice System

A mixed-methods assessment in Mukono County, Uganda

Reports & Research
December, 2014
Uganda
Land & Gender
Land & Investments
gender equity in access to land
land grabbing
land law
land policies
land tenure systems
property rights
tenure security
women
In a first study of this kind, International Justice Mission has used mixed methods assessment to portray the depth of widow and orphan property grabbing problem and lack of justice system response in Mukono County, Uganda. The report demonstrates that nearly a third of widows have experienced land grabbing with virtually no criminal justice system response.
Library Resource

A Brief History of Urban Development and Upgrading in Swaziland

July, 2014
Eswatini
Land & Investments
informal settlements
land administration
land allocation
land management
land ownership
land rights
land speculation
land tenure
land transactions
land use
occupation
property rights
rural areas
rural development
slums
urban areas
urban population
This history illustrates a number of
themes encountered in Swaziland that faces developing
countries and their external partners in Africa and beyond.
Firstly, the history relates the experience of a small and
comparatively insular country in addressing complex
challenges deriving from rapid urbanization and, as a
result, the growing need to adapt governance systems and
structures. A second key issue is the challenge that small
Library Resource

The Urban Transition in Tanzania

June, 2014
Tanzania
Urban Tenure
Land & Investments
capacity development
farmers
land management
land markets
land rights
land use
local communities
property rights
rural areas
rural population
slums
urban areas
urban population
urbanization
This report presents the problem,
describes the analytical framework, the African and World
context and the characteristics that need to be present for
a responsible and effective urbanization. Chapter one
discusses the issues involved in measuring urban growth and
density and the problem of under-measuring density. Chapter
two introduces key aspects of the recent urbanization in
Tanzania, including migration, structure of economy and
Library Resource

A Conceptual Model of Incomplete Markets and the Consequences for Technology Adoption Policies in Ethiopia

February, 2014
Ethiopia
agriculture
environment
farmers
food security
land
property
property rights
transaction costs
In Africa, farmers have been reluctant
to take up new varieties of staple crops developed to boost
smallholder yields and rural incomes. Low fertilizer use is
often mentioned as a proximate cause, but some believe the
problem originates with incomplete input markets. As a
remedy, African governments have introduced technology
adoption programs with fertilizer subsidies as a core
component. Still, the links between market performance and
Library Resource

Implementation of REDD+ Mechanisms in Tanzania

April, 2014
Tanzania
agriculture
climate change
deforestation
forest conservation
forest land
forest management plans
forestry
land ownership
land reform
land rights
land tenure
land use
property rights
sustainable land use
transaction costs
urban areas
This paper explains the major issues and
lessons derived from the national forest management program
and REDD+ initiatives in Tanzania. It finds that addressing
the most important drivers of forest degradation and
deforestation, in particular the country energy needs and
landownership, is essential for success in reducing
emissions regardless of the type of program implemented. It
also finds that, through the national program, forest users
Library Resource

Is There a Farm-Size Productivity Relationship in African Agriculture? Evidence from Rwanda

March, 2014
Rwanda
agriculture
climate change
farmers
land reform
land use
property rights
rural development
transaction costs
Whether the negative relationship
between farm size and productivity that is confirmed in a
large global literature holds in Africa is of considerable
policy relevance. This paper revisits this issue and
examines potential causes of the inverse productivity
relationship in Rwanda, where policy makers consider land
fragmentation and small farm sizes to be key bottlenecks for
the growth of the agricultural sector. Nationwide plot-level
Library Resource

Credit Constraints, Agricultural Productivity, and Rural Nonfarm Participation : Evidence from Rwanda

March, 2014
Rwanda
agriculture
land ownership
land tenure
land titling
land use
property rights
transaction costs
Although the potentially negative
impacts of credit constraints on economic development have
long been discussed conceptually, empirical evidence for
Africa remains limited. This study uses a direct elicitation
approach for a national sample of Rwandan rural households
to assess empirically the extent and nature of credit
rationing in the semi-formal sector and its impact using an
endogenous sample separation between credit-constrained and
Library Resource

Market and Nonmarket Transfers of Land in Ethiopia : Implications for Efficiency, Equity, and Nonfarm Development

May, 2014
Ethiopia
Land & Investments
land markets
land transfers
land rent
agriculture
land ownership
land reform
land rights
land tenure
land use
property rights
transaction costs
The authors use data from Ethiopia to
empirically assess determinants of participation in land
rental markets, compare these to those of administrative
land reallocation, and make inferences on the likely impact
of households' expectations regarding future
redistribution. Results indicate that rental markets
outperform administrative reallocation in terms of
efficiency and poverty. Households who have part-time jobs
Library Resource

Tenure Security and Land-Related Investment : Evidence from Ethiopia

May, 2014
Ethiopia
Land & Investments
land tenure
land markets
land use
property rights
transaction costs
land rights
The authors use a large data set from
Ethiopia that differentiates tenure security and
transferability to explore determinants of different types
of land-related investment and its possible impact on
productivity. While they find some support for endogeneity
of investment in trees, this is not the case for terraces.
Transfer rights are unambiguously investment-enhancing. The
large productivity effect of terracing implies that, even