This Act provides a basis for the procedure of all expropriation of immovable property including "restricted real rights". Expropriation" is defined in section 2 as "the transfer of an immovable without the consent of the owner in the public interest for fair and immediate compensation".
The Act regulates simplified procedure for proving unlawfulness of expropriation of property in Estonia. If a natural person having been the owner of property was forced to abandon his or her property during the period between 16 June 1940 and 1 January 1954 due to escaping from his or her place of residence or the location of property or in connection with refusing to return to Estonia while staying abroad, the property must be deemed to be abandoned due to a real danger of repression.
The Act regulates industrial emissions in Estonia. Its purpose is to achieve a high level of protection of the environment taken as a whole by minimizing emissions into air, water and soil and the generation of waste in order to prevent adverse environmental impacts. The Act determines the industrial activities of high environmental hazard, provides the requirements for operation therein and liability for failure to comply with the requirements, and the organisation of state supervision.
The Act regulates the Earth’s crust in Estonia. Its purpose is to ensure sustainable and economically efficient use of the earth's crust and to reduce environmental nuisances arising thereby to the greatest extent possible.
The Act regulates the acquisition of land on which a usufruct has been established under the Land Reform Act. According to the document, land subject to usufruct under the Land Reform Act which is not required for the exercise of the powers of state, to a local government for the performance of its functions or for other public purposes may be acquired.
The Act regulates spatial planning in Estonia. Its aim is to create, by promoting environmentally sound and economically, culturally and socially sustainable development, the preconditions that are necessary for democratic, long-term and balanced spatial development that takes into account the needs and interests of all members of the Estonian society to occur, for democratic, long-term and balanced land use pattern that takes into account the needs and interests of all members of the Estonian society to form and for high-quality living and built environment to develop.
The Act regulates marriage in Estonia. Notably, it states that prospective spouses may, by agreement, select a proprietary relationship from among the types of proprietary relations set out in the Act before the contraction of marriage by an application for marriage. The types of proprietary relations include jointness of property; set-off of assets increment; or separateness of property. Spouses may also enter into a marital property contract. In certain situations, the land registry is used for determining the property rights of spouses upon separation.
The Act lays down main principles for registered partnerships in Estonia. According to the Act, a registered partnership contract may be entered into between two natural persons of whom at least one has residence in Estonia. Notably, the Act provides that, upon entry into a registered partnership contract, the registered partners shall, by agreement, select a proprietary relationship from among the types of proprietary relations provided in Division 2 of Chapter 4 of Part 1 of the Family Law Act pursuant to the procedure prescribed in the Vital Statistics Registration Act.
The Act regulates succession in Estonia. Specifically, it provides that succession is the transfer of the property of a person upon his or her death to another person. A bequeather is a person whose property transfers upon his or her death to another person. An estate is the property of a bequeather. An estate does not include the rights and obligations of the bequeather which pursuant to law or by their nature are inseparably bound to the person of the bequeather. Notably, special rules govern the legal relations involving the property that is included in the land register.
The Act provides for the general principles of civil law of Estonia. Notably, it defines the concepts of movable and immovable property defining the latter as a delimited part of land (plot of land). The essential parts of an immovable are the things permanently attached to it, such as buildings, standing crop, other vegetation and unharvested fruit.
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