"Participatory law-making” is the process by which citizens actively contribute to policy advocacy and law-drafting. Citizen participation in law-making can improve the quality and legitimacy of policies and laws by ensuring that they reflect and protect the authentic interests of the national citizenry. In the field of land rights, participatory law-making can help ensure the recognition and protection of legitimate tenure rights.
Empowerment is the “expansion of people’s ability to make strategic life choices”. According to the UN, women’s empowerment has five components: women’s sense of self-worth; their right to have and to determine choices; their right to have access to opportunities and resources; their right to have the power to control their own lives, both within and outside the home; and their ability to influence the direction of social change to create a more just social and economic order, nationally and internationally.
Indicator 2.4.1: Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture
Land-based sectors in the Philippines are affected by institutional
weaknesses in various ways, including overlapping and conflicting
policies, laws and programmes, a lack of reform in public land
management and inadequate funding for urban development, disaster
mitigation and climate change. Land governance has thus been given
paramount importance in recent years. However, security of tenure
for all remains a challenge as the existing institutional set-up fails
Although only 5 percent of Tajikistan's land area is farmable due to the country's mountainous geography, agriculture accounts for 53 percent of total employment. Among those households that engage in agriculture, almost 90 percent can be classified as small family farms. With 0.2 hectares on average, Tajikistan's smallholders operate on very marginalized farmland which makes it less surprising that on-farm income and income from non-agricultural wages are almost evenly balanced.
This document presents a set of guiding principles that promote to responsible contract farming operations. It is intended to serve as guidance for farmers and buyers engaged in contractual relationships, in order to promote good business practices and maintain an atmosphere of trust and respect that is essential if contract farming is to prove effective.
This paper attempts to summarize available knowledge, and identify the gaps in that knowledge, on marine fisheries and fishery resources in the Bay of Bengal region. It provides information on Bangladesh, Burma, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Thailand—their marine fisheries, fishery resources, status of important stocks, etc.
The Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security (VGGT) set out internationally-accepted principles and standards for responsible practices, providing a framework for governments, the private sector and civil society to use when developing policies and programmes for improving food security.
In Sierra Leone, the well-being and livelihoods of many people, particularly the rural poor, are based on secure and equitable access to land, fisheries and forests. Increasing pressure on these resources in recent years has led to an escalation of conflict over access to natural resources.
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