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Showing items 1 through 9 of 12.
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Library Resource
The combination of rice and fish production into one system is considered to be an efficient means of agricultural land use for small-scale farmers. In some of these so-called rice-fish systems rice and fish are grown in the same field, at the same time; in other systems they are grown in the same field, but in rotation. Rice-fish farmers pay most attention to the maximization of the rice yield. This is a logical choice because the rice field is not the most ideal environment for fish production as the rice crop shades the field floodwater, thus hampering aquatic primary production.
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Library Resource
In Europe, grassland is one of the dominant forms of land use. Within 20 years, the area of permanent grasslands and pastures in Western Europe has declined by 12%. Semi-natural grasslands are often hot spots of biodiversity and are threatened both by intensive farming and by the abandonment of farmland in marginal areas. In this review, we show that biodiversity, climate change, C sequestration and farming systems issues are highly interconnected in grassland ecosystems.
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Library Resource
Agricultural activities and their complex effects on nature conservation, and the services that ecosystems deliver to humans are controversial. We present an overview of land abandonment, its driving forces and its consequences for landscape, biodiversity and humans. A descriptive metaanalysis of independently published studies highlighted the fact that the abandonment of agricultural land is a phenomenon mostly driven by socio-economic factors such as immigration into areas where new economic opportunities are offered to rural people.
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Library Resource
Sodic and alkali soils are characterized by the occurrence of excess sodium (Nasup+/sup) to levels that can adversely affect soil structure and disturb the availability of nutrients for plant growth. Structural problems in these soils are created by certain physical processes (slaking, swelling and dispersion of clay minerals) and specific conditions (surface crusting and hardsetting), which affect water and air movement, seedling emergence, root penetration, runoff and erosion, as well as tillage and sowing operations.
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Library Resource
The purpose of this review is to outline the status quo regarding multifunctional and social demands on grasslands. The products and services that grassland ecosystems can provide society are detailed. Existing agro-policies are reviewed as to how they reflect social demands on grasslands. A farm level analysis considers many factors that may influence the fulfilment of social demands. Conclusions are drawn on the future of grassland use under different socioeconomic conditions.
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Library Resource
United States of America, Japan, China, India, Russia
Much is reported about the destruction of natural forests and the consequences for global warming, while on the other hand, exotic plantations in some regions struggle to gain public acceptance. The earth's population is projected to rise to around 9 billion by 2050, with a concomitant increase in demand for forest products. Inevitably, forests in general, and managed forest in particular, will be called on to provide an ever-increasing proportion of local supplies and the international wood trade.
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Library Resource
The concepts of adaptive management and participatory forest management (PFM) reflect an increasingly holistic relationship between society and its forests. Adaptiveness depends on learning processes. This review considers the ways in which PFM has been assessed in recent literature and focuses on the role of learning, through cross-cutting quantitative analyses, project monitoring and evaluation, and participatory research and experimentation.
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Library Resource
China, United States of America, India, Spain, Australia
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Library Resource
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Library Resource
At independence in 1960, Africa was a modest food exporter while Asia was engulfed in a food crisis. The Green Revolution boosted food production in Asia and the global food problem shifted to Africa. However, science and technology have been promoted on an ad hoc basis in Africa's 45 years of independence. This chapter analyses why the Asian Green Revolution failed to take root in Africa, and why the average African grain yield has been flat since 1960.
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