森林和树木为农业可持续发展提供支持。森林和树木固定土壤、稳定气候，调解水流，提供荫蔽和居所，为传粉昆虫和动物以及农业有害生物天敌提供栖息地。森林和树木还为亿万民众的粮食安全做出贡献，为其提供食物、能源和收入。然而，农业依然是全球毁林的主要驱动因素；同时，农业、林业和土地政策往往存在分歧。</p><p> 《世界森林状况2016》发现，在提升农业生产力和粮食安全的同时，我们可以做到遏制甚至扭转毁林趋势，其中特别突出介绍了哥斯达黎加、智利、冈比亚、格鲁吉亚、加纳、突尼斯和越南的情况。土地利用综合规划是平衡各项土地用途的关键，同时以正确的政策手段为基础，促进可持续森林和农业发展。
Mudanças importantes ocorreram no cenário político institucional e nas dinâmicas sociais nos últimos vinte anos no Brasil. O marco inicial destas transformações pode ser fixado a partir da promulgação da nova Constituição que rege o tecido jurídico e societário brasileiro na atualidade. Todavia, fixar uma marca temporal é sempre complicado quando se trata de entender os pro‑ cessos sociais e suas mudanças, especialmente quando sabemos das interfaces entre passado e presente.
Os assentamentos de reforma agrária têm assumido um papel de destaque em relação ao desmatamento da Amazônia nos últimos cinco anos. Atualmente cerca de 8% do território dos estados amazônicos (41,8 milhões de hectares) encontra-se destinado aos 3.589 assentamentos de reforma agrária.
<i>Towards effective national forest funds</i> addresses the need for more information on the way NFFs work and how best to establish and manage them. It shares the lessons that have emerged from the establishment and management of NFFs with the aim of supporting countries in designing and operating NFFs effectively according to their specific needs and circumstances.
La publication de ce numéro d’Unasylva coïncide avec deux événements marquants pour les forêts. Les 196 Parties à la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques viennent de se réunir à la Conférence Paris climat 2015 en vue de négocier un accord qui soit en mesure de changer la donne en matière de changement climatique. Toujours à Paris, le Global Landscapes Forum 2015, Forum mondial sur les paysages, a été le théâtre de discussions de haut niveau portant sur la recherche et les politiques qui sous-tendent les questions d’utilisation des terres.
This double issue of Unasylva aims to tease out the complex interrelationship between forests, trees and disasters, and to examine the ways in which forests and trees can best be managed both to resist shocks and to protect from shocks. Forests and trees can act as natural buffers against disasters and shocks. They have a powerful role to play in protecting against disasters and in reducing their impact. Indeed, the long-term perspective implicit in sustainable forest management is also a valuable approach to planning for disaster risk reduction.
Genetic resources for food and agriculture play a crucial role in food security, nutrition and livelihoods and in the provision of environmental services. They are key components of sustainability, resilience and adaptability in production systems. They underpin the ability of crops, livestock, aquatic organisms and forest trees to withstand a range of harsh conditions. Climate change poses new challenges to the management of the world’s genetic resources for food and agriculture, but it also underlines their importance.
Forest and landscape restoration is a key issue in the ongoing discussions at the Paris Climate Change Conference, convened to broker a game-changing agreement on climate change. On a planet where the mark of human activity is almost ubiquitous, restoration is by necessity a concept that has to take into account human well-being and ongoing change. In addition, in order to succeed in the long term, forest and landscape restoration initiatives will need to successfully engage a range of stakeholders, from policy-makers to local communities and from governments to private actors.
La publicación de este número de Unasylva coincide con dos importantes acontecimientos para el sector forestal. Las 196 Partes en la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático acaban de reunirse en París en la Conferencia sobre el Cambio Climático para negociar un importante acuerdo sobre el clima. También, en París, el Foro Mundial de Paisajes 2015 es sede de debates de alto nivel sobre investigación y políticas relativas al uso de la tierra. La restauración de bosques y paisajes es una pieza clave de este rompecabezas.
This paper introduces a Special Issue of Forest Ecology and Management that includes a collection of analytical results from the 2015 Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA 2015) covering 25 years of forest change (1990–2015). FRA 2015 builds on a series of global assessments that began in 1948 and covers change in forest area and type, volume, biomass and carbon stocking, measures of sustainable forest management, biodiversity and conservation, soil and water protective functions, wood production and a number of socio-economic variables.
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