Women's employment in transition countries, notably Central and Eastern Europe has become increasingly informal and flexible. The first growing trend is that women are more involved in cross-border trade, known as 'suitcase' trade, often keeping women away from home for days or months. They buy mainly consumer and household goods usually unavailable in their home countries, to sell to street vendors on their return home. The second growing trend is women's involvement in sub-contracting, particularly work such as hand sewing for the textile and shoe industries.
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Showing items 1 through 9 of 5.-
Library ResourceReports & ResearchOctober, 2002Slovenia, Liechtenstein, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Poland, Germany, Australia, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Eastern Europe
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Library ResourceJanuary, 2002Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Armenia
The five Central Asian countries that gained their independence at the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 have followed different paths of transition to a market economy in the agricultural sector. Kyrgyzstan has been the most aggressive in restructuring agricultural enterprises, privatizing land, and promoting individual farming. Kazakstan and Turkmenistan have had similar legal and policy reforms, but implementation has lagged. Tajikistan's efforts
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Library ResourceConference Papers & ReportsDecember, 2002Hungary, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania
Present-day Central and Eastern European agriculture is characterized by a high incidence of small-scale farmers who are not producing for the market. This paper uses household level data from comparative farm surveys in Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania to analyze which farm household characteristics and endowments influence commercialization and subsistence farming.
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Library ResourceJournal Articles & BooksDecember, 2002France, Benin, Switzerland, Chile, Ukraine, China, Australia, Ireland, Canada, Venezuela, Guinea, Colombia, Japan, Italy, Brazil, Argentina, United Kingdom, Mexico, Norway
Land and land reform cover a great range, both in terms of the geographical and development status of the countries considered, and of the variety of perspectives on the issues. The articles in this issue of Land Reform, Land Resettlement and Cooperatives reflect this breadth in a variety of ways. The articles range geographically from the paper addressing land and agrarian reform in Colombia, by Professor Darío Fajardo, to a consideration of the land reforms currently under way in Scotland, by Douglas Macmillan, Ken Thomson and Bill Slee.
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Library ResourceJournal Articles & BooksDecember, 2002Slovenia, France, North Macedonia, Slovakia, United States of America, Sweden, Denmark, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Canada, Republic of Korea, Japan, Hungary, Moldova, Albania, Italy, Poland, India, Czech Republic, Georgia, Armenia, Greece, Eastern Europe, Central Asia
This guide on Rural property tax systems in Central and Eastern Europe has been prepared to support governments in the design and implementation of systems to raise revenues at local levels. An increasing number of countries are introducing policies to decentralize the provision of rural services but very often local levels of government have insufficient funds to carry out these newly decentralized responsibilities. Raising revenues through property taxes on rural land represents one way to improve the capacity of local levels to deliver services.
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