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Showing items 1 through 9 of 316.
  1. Library Resource
    July, 2014
    Albania

    Albania has undertaken major reforms in
    its system of local government finance since 2000. What had
    been a system in which local functions were ambiguous and
    financing was largely provided through tightly controlled
    earmarked grants is now one in which functions are
    relatively clear and local governments have more autonomy
    over the allocation of funds. A new system of competitive
    grants for infrastructure investment has been introduced.

  2. Library Resource
    March, 2014
    Albania

    Albania's rapid growth in the
    decade up to the 2008 global financial crisis propelled it
    to middle-income status and helped to reduce poverty. The
    global financial crisis in 2008 slammed the brakes on
    Albania's largely domestic-demand-driven growth. The
    government has accumulated sizable arrears in payments for
    public works and value-added tax (VAT) refunds. In a
    baseline scenario of no policy reforms, Albania's

  3. Library Resource
    March, 2013
    Albania

    Reducing poverty continues to be one of
    the main priorities of the Government of Albania. Currently,
    Albania has an ample platform to provide social protection
    to its citizens through social insurance, social assistance
    and employment programs. However, these programs are not
    efficiently linked to each other, which can lead to unclear
    and occasionally overlapping roles among the programs. Among
    these social protection programs, Ndihma Ekonomike (NE) is

  4. Library Resource
    August, 2014
    Albania

    This report on Albania urban sector
    review focuses on trends and issues that have come to the
    fore with rapid urbanization and with the recent
    decentralization of major responsibilities to local
    governments. Continuing the achievements and addressing the
    problems will require actions by local governments and, just
    as importantly, by the central government, which sets the
    legal and regulatory conditions for local governance and the

  5. Library Resource
    June, 2012
    Albania

    This sector report claims that in the
    three years between 2002 and 2005 alone, almost 235,000
    people have moved out of poverty in Albania. Strong economic
    growth and large inflow of remittances are at the center of
    this impressive achievement. However, low productivity of
    predominantly small family farms has put a drag on rural
    growth prospects. Moreover, Ndihma Ekonomike (NE) program,
    the means-tested income support program is small in scale,

  6. Library Resource
    May, 2012
    Albania

    This report was prepared in close
    collaboration with the Bank of Albania. This report focused
    on trade, services, and agriculture; however, the limited
    scope of their operations still leaves a potentially large
    unmet demand for credit in agriculture. This report focuses
    on problems related to the operation of Immovable Property
    Registry System (IPRS) and other institutions and the
    formalization of property rights and inscription of

  7. Library Resource
    July, 2013
    Albania

    Despite the impressive performance of
    the economy in the last five years, however, poverty in
    Albania has remained high, and per capita income, at around
    US$1,230 in 2002, has remained one of the lowest among
    transition economies. In an effort to adopt policies to
    share widely the benefits of growth, and reduce poverty, the
    Government outlined a poverty alleviation strategy in the
    2000 Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (I-PRSP), and

  8. Library Resource
    July, 2013
    Albania

    In 1989, Albania's rigid political
    and socioeconomic structure shattered beyond repair.
    Turbulence soon invaded every domain of life. As the state
    imploded, so did the state-run economy. This review explores
    ongoing consequences of this difficult transformation that
    took place since 1989 and of policy initiatives to mitigate
    or ameliorate its effects. Albania has been much studied;
    the review addresses important information gaps. It

  9. Library Resource
    June, 2012
    Albania

    Recent trends in Albania suggest that it
    has the potential for a modern and competitive agricultural
    sector, provided there is sufficient private investment and
    the right policy environment. This chapter looks at the role
    of agriculture in the economy and the current status of the
    sector, and outlines the implications of modernization and
    transformation of agriculture for rural areas. It also
    identifies trends and sources of growth for agriculture, and

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