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Showing items 1 through 9 of 178.
  1. Library Resource
    June, 2015

    In conflict-prone situations, access to
    markets is necessary to restore economic growth and generate
    the preconditions for peace and reconstruction. Hence, the
    rehabilitation of damaged transport infrastructure has
    emerged as an overarching investment priority among donors
    and governments. This paper brings together two distinct
    strands of literature on the effects of conflict on welfare
    and on the economic impact of transport infrastructure. The

  2. Library Resource
    June, 2015

    Private investment in agriculture in
    developing countries, both domestic and foreign, has been on
    the rise for nearly two decades. This paper focuses on
    large-scale agricultural projects in developing countries,
    involving the lease of farmland, which rose sharply after
    the food crisis of 2008. It is important that such
    investments are sustainable not only in the long term, but
    also beneficial in the short term with minimal risks or

  3. Library Resource
    July, 2015

    This paper reviews international
    practices for ‘bottom-up costing’ for medium-term
    expenditure frameworks. Medium-term expenditure frameworks
    are important because they incorporate the multi-annual
    nature of the fiscal policy into the budget process,
    mitigating its short-term bias. They also allow for the
    incorporation of the effects of policy decisions and provide
    for a comprehensive fiscal sustainability picture. However,

  4. Library Resource
    July, 2015

    This paper estimates the effect of
    income inequality on real gross domestic product per capita
    using a panel of 104 countries during the period 1970–2010.
    The empirical analysis addresses endogeneity issues by using
    instrumental variables estimation and controlling for
    country and time fixed effects. The analysis finds that, on
    average, income inequality has a significant negative effect
    on transitional gross domestic product per capita growth and

  5. Library Resource
    July, 2015
    Georgia

    Georgia has an impressive growth record
    but social vulnerabilities persist. It remains a challenge
    to tackle social vulnerabilities within a sustained
    macroeconomic framework. This programmatic public
    expenditure review (PER) assesses the alignment of selected
    fiscal programs with the government’s social objectives.
    Building on the analysis and recommendations of the 2014
    PER, this PER analyzes the impact of recent reforms

  6. Library Resource
    August, 2015

    This note describes the trends in, and
    composition of, absolute poverty based on household
    expenditures, and is thus concerned, as a matter of policy
    objectives, with access of the population to a particular
    minimum standard of living. This should be viewed as
    complementary to the companion note on social exclusion
    based on Europe 2020 indicators including the relative
    at-risk-of-poverty (AROP) rate, focuses on low income in

  7. Library Resource
    August, 2015
    Cambodia

    This report assesses the impact of
    participation in farmer organizations (FOs) on food security
    of rural households in Cambodia. The study is particularly
    set out to following: (1) examine FOs’ roles and operation
    and challenges for improving household’s food security; (2)
    analyze household’s characteristics that determine
    participation in FOs; (3) assess the impact of FOs on food
    security and livelihood of the rural poor; and (4) provide

  8. Library Resource
    September, 2015

    Self-help groups (SHGs) are the most
    common form of microfinance in India. The authors provide
    evidence that SHGs, composed of women only, undertake
    collective actions for the provision of public goods within
    village communities. Using a theoretical model, this paper
    shows that an elected official, whose aim is to maximize
    re-election chances, exerts higher effort in providing
    public goods when private citizens undertake collective

  9. Library Resource
    November, 2015
    Rwanda

    The last poverty assessment for Rwanda
    was conducted in 1997. Three years after the genocide, the
    country was characterized by deep and widespread poverty,
    rock-bottom health indicators, and pervasive hunger and food
    insecurity. In real terms, gross domestic product (GDP) per
    capita was lower than it had been in 1960. In real terms,
    the economy quadrupled between 1995 and 2013. Enrolment in
    primary school is near universal and infant and child

  10. Library Resource
    November, 2015
    Mali

    This document presents the Systematic
    Country Diagnosis (SCD) for Mali. The SCD was prepared
    following a consultative process within and outside the
    World Bank. It identifies constraints and opportunities for
    achieving the twin goals of ending poverty and improving
    shared prosperity by 2030 while acknowledging (i) the need
    for selectivity in pro-poor interventions, and (ii) the many
    competing ‘binding’ reasons for poverty in Mali. The

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