In conflict-prone situations, access to
markets is necessary to restore economic growth and generate
the preconditions for peace and reconstruction. Hence, the
rehabilitation of damaged transport infrastructure has
emerged as an overarching investment priority among donors
and governments. This paper brings together two distinct
strands of literature on the effects of conflict on welfare
and on the economic impact of transport infrastructure. The
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Library ResourceJune, 2015
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Library ResourceJune, 2015
Private investment in agriculture in
developing countries, both domestic and foreign, has been on
the rise for nearly two decades. This paper focuses on
large-scale agricultural projects in developing countries,
involving the lease of farmland, which rose sharply after
the food crisis of 2008. It is important that such
investments are sustainable not only in the long term, but
also beneficial in the short term with minimal risks or -
Library ResourceJuly, 2015
This paper reviews international
practices for ‘bottom-up costing’ for medium-term
expenditure frameworks. Medium-term expenditure frameworks
are important because they incorporate the multi-annual
nature of the fiscal policy into the budget process,
mitigating its short-term bias. They also allow for the
incorporation of the effects of policy decisions and provide
for a comprehensive fiscal sustainability picture. However, -
Library ResourceJuly, 2015
This paper estimates the effect of
income inequality on real gross domestic product per capita
using a panel of 104 countries during the period 1970–2010.
The empirical analysis addresses endogeneity issues by using
instrumental variables estimation and controlling for
country and time fixed effects. The analysis finds that, on
average, income inequality has a significant negative effect
on transitional gross domestic product per capita growth and -
Library ResourceJuly, 2015Georgia
Georgia has an impressive growth record
but social vulnerabilities persist. It remains a challenge
to tackle social vulnerabilities within a sustained
macroeconomic framework. This programmatic public
expenditure review (PER) assesses the alignment of selected
fiscal programs with the government’s social objectives.
Building on the analysis and recommendations of the 2014
PER, this PER analyzes the impact of recent reforms -
Library ResourceAugust, 2015
This note describes the trends in, and
composition of, absolute poverty based on household
expenditures, and is thus concerned, as a matter of policy
objectives, with access of the population to a particular
minimum standard of living. This should be viewed as
complementary to the companion note on social exclusion
based on Europe 2020 indicators including the relative
at-risk-of-poverty (AROP) rate, focuses on low income in -
Library ResourceAugust, 2015Cambodia
This report assesses the impact of
participation in farmer organizations (FOs) on food security
of rural households in Cambodia. The study is particularly
set out to following: (1) examine FOs’ roles and operation
and challenges for improving household’s food security; (2)
analyze household’s characteristics that determine
participation in FOs; (3) assess the impact of FOs on food
security and livelihood of the rural poor; and (4) provide -
Library ResourceSeptember, 2015
Self-help groups (SHGs) are the most
common form of microfinance in India. The authors provide
evidence that SHGs, composed of women only, undertake
collective actions for the provision of public goods within
village communities. Using a theoretical model, this paper
shows that an elected official, whose aim is to maximize
re-election chances, exerts higher effort in providing
public goods when private citizens undertake collective -
Library ResourceNovember, 2015Rwanda
The last poverty assessment for Rwanda
was conducted in 1997. Three years after the genocide, the
country was characterized by deep and widespread poverty,
rock-bottom health indicators, and pervasive hunger and food
insecurity. In real terms, gross domestic product (GDP) per
capita was lower than it had been in 1960. In real terms,
the economy quadrupled between 1995 and 2013. Enrolment in
primary school is near universal and infant and child -
Library ResourceNovember, 2015Mali
This document presents the Systematic
Country Diagnosis (SCD) for Mali. The SCD was prepared
following a consultative process within and outside the
World Bank. It identifies constraints and opportunities for
achieving the twin goals of ending poverty and improving
shared prosperity by 2030 while acknowledging (i) the need
for selectivity in pro-poor interventions, and (ii) the many
competing ‘binding’ reasons for poverty in Mali. The
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