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Showing items 1 through 9 of 141.
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Leaf traits have long been recognized as influential factors in the acquisition and processing of resources by plants. However, there is less knowledge of between-species variations in seasonal changes in leaf traits and trait interrelationships. Therefore, we examined variations in leaf area (LA), dry biomass (DM), specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf gas-exchange parameters in one non-native and seven native tree species under field environmental conditions, in a karst area in China subjected to desertification. Measurements were taken three times during the growing season.
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Morocco, China, Italy, Australia, Iran, India, Pakistan, Niger
Sustainable intensification requires smarter, precision technologies for irrigation and farming practices that use ecosystem approaches to conserve water.
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With an increasing population and rapid development of the economy and society of the Yellow River Basin region, the Yellow River is at crisis point. The discrepancy between supply and demand of water resources is a key issue. In 2000–2006, the mean annual discharge of the Yellow River entering the delta was 13.2 billion m³, a reduction of 18.6 billion m³ compared with the 1980s, and 9 billion m³ less than in the 1990s. The water requirements of various sectors are increasing. Large amounts of water essential to maintain the health of the delta ecosystem have been diverted for other users.
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Competing uses of land mean that regulations aimed at environmental conservation often conflict with the land-use rights of rural households. Several reports suggest that this has occurred with the introduction of the Natural Forest Protection Programme (NFPP) in China, one of the world's largest logging ban programmes. This paper investigates whether households should be compensated for infringements on property rights, drawing on institutional economics literature on regulation.
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China, Sub-Saharan Africa
The People’s Republic of China (PRC) has prioritised Africa as a strategic partner at both the political and economic levels. According to some observers, the evidence of China’s growing African involvement suggests a strategy devised to secure access to the continent’s abundant resources.
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Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Switzerland, Nepal, China, Indonesia, Peru, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Kenya, Philippines, Turkey, Italy, India, Uganda, Ghana
Женщины вносят существенный вклад в экономику сельских районов во всех регионах развивающихся стран. В различных регионах они выполняют различные функции, но повсеместно они имеют менее широкий по сравнению с мужчинами доступ к ресурсам и возможностям, которые им необходимы для того, чтобы их производственная деятельность была более эффективной.
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Kenya, Bangladesh, Germany, China, Italy, Senegal, India, Yemen, Chad, Sri Lanka, Niger, Ethiopia, Thailand
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Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Switzerland, Nepal, China, Indonesia, Peru, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Kenya, Philippines, Turkey, Italy, India, Uganda, Ghana
تقدم المرأة مساهمات هامة في الاقتصاد الريفي في جميع أقاليم البلدان النامية. وتختلف أدوارها باختلاف الأقاليم، بيد أن حصولها على الموارد والفرص التي تحتاج إليها لكي تكون أكثر إنتاجاً أقل من حصول الرجل على تلك الموارد و الفرص. وزيادة حصول المرأة على الأراضي والثروة الحيوانية والتعليم والخدمات المالية والإرشاد والتكنولوجيا والعمالة الريفية من شأنها أن تعزز إنتاجيتها وتحقق مكاسب من حيث الإنتاج الزراعي والأمن الغذائي والنمو الاقتصادي والرفاه الاجتماعي. وسد الفجوة بين الجنسين في ما يتعلق بالمدخلات الزراعية وحدها يمكن أن ينتشل ما يتراوح من 100 مليون شخص إلى 150مليون شخص من براثن الجوع.
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Kenya, Bangladesh, Germany, China, Italy, Senegal, India, Yemen, Chad, Sri Lanka, Niger, Ethiopia, Thailand
到2050年，全球范围内的粮食产量预计需要再递增70%左右，而在发展中国家这一比例将近100%。面对粮食增产的这一需求，再加上其他领域需求的争夺，使全球许多农业生产系统纷纷置于前所未有的压力之下。这些“濒临系统”正处于愈演愈烈的水土资源大战之中，而且还经常受到不可持续的农耕方式的掣肘。因此，需要对其特别注意并采取具体的救助措施。《世界粮食和农业领域土地及水资源状况》（SOLAW）就这些高危领域如何克服制约因素并改善资源管理探讨了多种方案。在每一个领域，除了要在制度和政策上作出一些列调整外，还必须将其与扩大技术应用结合起来，以获得更好的水土资源管理效果。另外，加大投资力度、提供新型融资机制以及开展国际合作与开发援助也有助于克服这些制约因素。本书作为《世界粮食和农业领域土地及水资源状况》第一期，是对联合国粮食及农业组织出版的其他“世界状况”类报告的一个补充，其旨在揭示国家与国际层面上的论争和决策情况。
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