La présente ordonnance crée un service central dénommé Direction Nationale des frontières a pour mission l’élaboration des éléments de la politique nationale des frontières et d’assurer la coordination et le contrôle de l’action des autorités administratives, des services et des organes publics qui concourent à la mise en œuvre de cette politique.
This Law sets the necessary rules and provisions as regards the expropriation of land (the deprivation or restriction of property rights on immovable/real estate/land parcels and similar when required by the public interest, with a fair compensation).The expropriation procedure and the bodies for its implementation are also defined by this Law.The Law is divided into VI Chapters and 63 articles, including specific compensation issues (see Chapter V).
Who Counts Most? Assessing Human Well-Being in Sustainable Forest Management presents a tool, ‘the Who Counts Matrix’, for differentiating ‘forest actors’, or people whose well-being and forest management are intimately intertwined, from other stakeholders. The authors argue for focusing formal attention on forest actors in efforts to develop sustainable forest management.
This paper aims to describe the state of theart of both water harvesting (WH) andsupplemental irrigation (SI) techniques in the temperate and sub-tropical dry lands, especiallyin the countries of WANA that are characterized by a Mediterranean-type climate. In addition,three case studies of water harvesting are presented (see annex). These were selected from the case studies presented at the FAO Expert Consultation Cairo (1994). By sharing with us the success and the failure of these endeavors, the authors of the case studies illustrate many of the points that are made in the text.
Watershed analysis provides a framework for ecosystem management, which is currently the best option for conservation and management of natural resources. The current methods of assessing hydrologic impacts of land use transformation at the watershed scale, particularly in the tropics, are impaired by technical, financial and time constraints. This study provides an alternative approach to ascertain the actual changes in hydrologic response of a particular watershed to land use transformations made in the past.
Geographical information systems (GIS) assist us in mapping and analyzing outbreaks of diseases in plants, animals and humans. This paper describes how GIS are being used to model the intensity of the outbreak of a plant virus, bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) in Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador. BGMV is a geminivirus affecting beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and is transmitted by a vector, the sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Once a plant is infected by the virus yield losses, at varying locations, can range from 40% to 100%.
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