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Showing items 1 through 9 of 73.
  1. Library Resource
    March, 2014

    The report begins with definitions of
    watersheds and watershed management, a characterization of
    the problem of watershed degradation, and a short history of
    watershed management operations and policies (Chapter 1).
    The following four chapters discuss the findings from
    experience with implementing watershed management programs
    over the last 20 years based both on the project review and
    on the literature. The second chapter discusses the findings

  2. Library Resource
    June, 2014
    Tanzania

    The policy note builds on experience
    from both Tanzania and other Sub-Saharan African countries
    with similar socioeconomic and environmental contexts. This
    policy note puts forward and discusses a range of policy
    measures along the entire charcoal value chain in Tanzania.
    The development of this policy note benefited from a variety
    of recent studies on charcoal utilization and trade
    conducted in the country. This policy note is structured as

  3. Library Resource
    October, 2015
    Uganda

    The World Bank’s assistance strategies
    showed strong client orientation and were aligned with
    Uganda’s poverty reduction strategy. The programs were
    substantially effective in decentralization, public sector
    reform, growth and economic transformation, education, and
    water and sanitation. However, more could have been done to
    help counter the perception of increasing corruption,
    improve power supply, reduce transport costs, enhance

  4. Library Resource
    May, 2013

    Carbon transactions are defined as purchase contracts or ERPAs (Emission Reductions Purchase Agreements) whereby one party pays another party in return for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions that the buyer can use to meet its compliance or corporate citizenship - objectives vis-a-vis GHG mitigation. Payment is made using one or more of the following forms: cash, equity, debt, or in-kind contributions.

  5. Library Resource
    April, 2014
    Costa Rica

    Costa Rica's Program of Payments
    for Environmental Services (Pago de Servicios Ambientales,
    PSA) provides a unique opportunity to evaluate direct
    payments as a conservation policy tool. This paper reports
    evidence on how much more forest has been conserved in Costa
    Rica as a result of PSA contracts with landowners. Such
    evidence requires estimating a counterfactual outcome: how
    much forest would have been preserved if there had been no

  6. Library Resource
    May, 2013
    Africa

    Many African countries have thin energy and industrial sectors with limited opportunities to reduce carbon emissions, certainly relative to countries such as China and India. Carbon sequestration from avoided deforestation and from agriculture--potentially important areas for climate mitigation and important in many African economies--has been systematically excluded from the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).

  7. Library Resource
    July, 2013
    Central America, Honduras

    This regional study encompasses three
    Central American countries: Nicaragua, Guatemala, and
    Honduras. The focus of this report is Honduras. The
    objective of the study is to understand how broad-based
    economic growth can be stimulated and sustained in rural
    Central America. The study identifies "drivers" of
    sustainable rural growth and poverty reduction. Drivers are
    defined as the assets and combinations of assets needed by

  8. Library Resource
    July, 2014
    Ecuador

    The World Bank's revised forest
    policy came into being in 2002 and covers all types of
    forests. It has the following key objectives: (i) harnessing
    the potential of forests to reduce poverty in a sustainable
    manner; (ii) integrating forests effectively into
    sustainable development; and (iii) protecting vital local
    and global environmental services and values. The policy
    enables the bank to fully engage in forestry throughout the

  9. Library Resource
    September, 2014
    China, Global

    China has an ancient tradition of
    hydraulic engineering but in the past half century the
    intensity of exploitation of water resources has accelerated
    as a result of population and economic growth. The three
    major issues for Chinese water management are water
    shortages, flood control and pollution. The World Commission
    on Dams noted that since 1949 the number of large dams in
    China had increased from 22 to 22,000, almost half the

  10. Library Resource
    August, 2014
    Guatemala

    Household fuel choice in the past, has
    often been analyzed and understood through the lens of the
    energy ladder model. This model places relatively heavy
    emphasis on household fuel switching in response to rising
    incomes. This report views energy use through a household
    economics framework. The household economics framework
    clarifies that, in addition to income and market prices, the
    opportunity costs of firewood collection also need to be

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