Many experts believe that low-cost
mitigation opportunities in agriculture are abundant and
comparable in scale to those found in the energy sector.
They are mostly located in developing countries and have to
do with how land is used. By investing in projects under the

Today, 370 million people live in cities
in earthquake prone areas and 310 million in cities with
high probability of tropical cyclones. By 2050, these
numbers are likely to more than double. Mortality risk
therefore is highly concentrated in many of the world s

A pricing reform in Turkey increased the
residential electricity tariff by more than 50 percent in
2008. The reform, aimed at encouraging energy efficiency and
private investment, sparked considerable policy debate about
its potential impact on household welfare. This paper

This paper proposes an alternative
approach to addressing the complex problems of climate
change caused by greenhouse gas emissions. The author, who
won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, argues that
single policies adopted only at a global scale are unlikely

Municipal solid waste management
continues to be a major challenge for local governments in
both urban and rural areas across the world, and one of the
key issues is their financial constraints. Recently an
economic analysis was conducted in Eryuan, a poor county

While polluted surface water is
encountered across most of China, few economic valuation
studies have been conducted on water quality changes.
Limited information about the economic values associated
with those potential water quality improvements or

Economic analyses of development
projects and policies often involve assigning an economic
value to changes in the risk of loss of human life. A
typical term used in the economic analyses is the value of
statistical life, which reflects the aggregation of

One of the major difficulties in doing
cost-benefit analysis of a development project is to
estimate the total economic value of project benefits, which
are usually multi-dimensional and include goods and services
that are not traded in the market. Challenges also arise in

Albania is among the most vulnerable
countries to external energy shocks and climatic conditions,
because of its high dependency on hydropower for
electricity. Given highly volatile international energy
prices and expected global warming, it is becoming

Although much has been written about
climate change and poverty as distinct and complex problems,
the link between them has received little attention.
Understanding this link is vital for the formulation of
effective policy responses to climate change. This paper

This paper addresses two vital concerns
in the debate on adaptation to climate change. First, how
can countries prepare to manage the impact of climate-change
induced natural disasters? Second, how can countries ensure
that they have the governmental institutions required to