The Independent People’s Tribunal (IPT) undertook an inquiry on the status of implementation of FRA to understand and analyze the reasons behind the lack of implementation and/or the violations in the implementation of the Act. The objectives of IPT were to:

1. Identify and analyze the various violations happening across states on the implementation

Forest lands in Indonesia are classified as state lands and subject to management under agreements allocated by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. There has been a long-standing tension between the ministry and local communities who argue that they have traditionally managed large areas of forest and should be allowed to continue to do so.

Smallholder farmers and indigenous communities must cope with the opportunities and threats presented by rapidly spreading estate crops in the frontier of the agricultural market economy. Smallholder communities are subject to considerable speculation by outsiders, yet large-scale agriculture presents tradeoffs that they must navigate.

Recent decades have seen a rapid movement towards decentralising forest rights and tenure to local communities and indigenous groups in both developing and developed nations. Attribution of local and community rights to forests appears to be gathering increasing momentum in many tropical developing countries.

Competing interests in land for agriculture and commodity production in tropical human-dominated landscapes make forests and biodiversity conservation particularly challenging. Establishment of protected areas in this regard is not functioning as expected due to exclusive ecological focus and poor recognition of local people’s traditional forest use and dependence.

International market forces have played an increasingly important role in shaping land use dynamics through complex supply chains. In Costa Rica, the shift from a net loss to a net gain in forest cover was facilitated by forest plantations and the replacement of extensive cropland and pastures by export-oriented, high-yielding crops.

To understand the rainfall-runoff process and sediment delivery process in headwater catchment, hydrological observation and the monitoring of suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) was conducted at a forested headwater catchment in Japanese Alps region. The study site is Nodagasawa watershed (37 ha) within Terasawayama Station, Research Forest of Shinshu University, Japan.

It was not all smooth process to transfer of jurisdiction to Terasawayama Station from a part of Terasawayama national forest at 1968. This report supplement previous researches that based on historical documents owned Tera community by using documents of Shinshu University.

This paper explores some of the challenges involved in replicating and scaling-up systematic land registration over a large and diverse geographical coverage and how programmes can work through decentralised government systems..This resource was published in the frame of the Land Investment for Transformation (LIFT) Programme.

This report presents findings from a rapid field investigation into levels of certificate uptake..This resource was published in the frame of the Land Investment for Transformation (LIFT) Programme.

Over the past 30 years, The Center has worked to secure the rights of local communities over forest resources and to increase their participation in forest management to ensure optimum social, economic and environmental benefits.