Estimating deforested areas and deforestation rates have become key steps for quantifying environmental services of tropical rain forests, particularly as linked to programs such as Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD).

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, as well as conservation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks and promoting sustainable management of forests in developing countries (REDD+) has been proposed as an effective mechanism to mitigate the impacts of climate change.

Since forests are both source and sink of carbon, scholars have suggested reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, including conservation and sustainable management of forest and enhancement of forest carbon stock (REDD+) to be part of climate negotiation.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Having signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on 11 June 1992
and ratified the convention on 25 November 1994 and the Kyoto Protocol in 2003 as a non‐Annex 1
party, Myanmar is fully aware of the causes and potential impacts of climate change. Hence, whilst

Mozambique is the 8th most vulnerable country to climate change and is one of the poorest countries in the world with a high dependency on foreign aid. The population is primarily rural and dependent on agriculture, with 60% living on the coastline.

Ấn phẩm này biên được soạn làm tài liệu tham khảo cho các thúc đẩy viên các cấp, từ cấp trung ương tới cấp cộng đồng. Tài liệu giải thích một cách đơn giản nhất những thuật ngữ liên quan tới biến đổi khí hậu và Giảm phát thải do mất rừng và suy thoái rừng (REDD+) trong khuôn khổ dự án Tăng cường năng lực về REDD+ cho các bên liên quan cấp cơ sở tại Việt Nam.

The Parties shall cooperate in the following areas related to environmental protection: land protection and land tenure, protection of soil, subsoil, forests, water, air, ozone layer and climate, wild flora and wild fauna.

In the highly populated and diverse tropics, conservation in relatively pristine habitats is important but clearly inadequate for sustaining the earth biological diversity. Agro-forestry systems such as shade-coffee plantations that incorporate arboreal vegetation are known to be more resilient for biodiversity conservation than other more drastic land transformations.

This report looks at the ways in which natural resource management—the institutions, policies and practices that govern land, water, forests, minerals, hydrocarbons—interact with violent conflict in Afghanistan.

By 2013, the Armenian economy has left behind most of the hangover from the global financial crisis and a look at medium-to long-term growth drivers is therefore in order. Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth reached 7.2 percent in 2012, and the current account deficit narrowed, although it remained high.