The Climate-Smart Village (CSV) features a participatory platform that helps address climate change impacts on agriculture in farming communities, taking into consideration the climate-smart agriculture (CSA) options which are ecologically, culturally and gender-responsive. Its design includes providing a portfolio of practices, technologies and innovations that address food security, adaptation and mitigation and support services.

In most developing countries, agriculture plays a crucial role in livelihoods and economic development.
The sector employs between 60 to 80% of active populations in least developed countries (LDCs) and
contributes to a large share in the national GDP (Huyer 2016). However, there is growing evidence that
climate change is interacting with multiple stressors of the agricultural sectors of LDCs, challenging
efforts to achieving food and nutrition security targets of the sustainable development goals [Partey et al.

Protocol has been developed, piloted, and revised and is now guiding case studies at additional sites. UPDATE 2021: Protocol has been published. CGIAR research based on the protocol has been published.

Agricultural innovation scaling approaches tend to be empirical but do not sufficiently take into account the complex realities of ‘softer elements’ such as people, supply chains, markets, financing mechanisms, policies and regulations, professional knowledge, power relations, incentives and history. As a consequence, scaling initiatives often do not produce the desired impacts and, in some instances, may even produce undesirable impacts.

The climate-smart agriculture (CSA) concept reflects an ambition to improve the integration of agriculture development and climate responsiveness. CSA aims to achieve food security and broader development goals under a changing climate and increasing food demand. CSA initiatives can sustainably increase productivity, enhance resilience, and reduce/remove greenhouse gases (GHGs), but require planning to address trade-offs and synergies between the three CSA pillars, namely: productivity, adaptation, and mitigation(1).

In 2020, FTA was the subject of an independent review conducted by the CGIAR Advisory Services Shared Secretariat on behalf of the CGIAR System. The purpose of the review was to assess the extent to which FTA is delivering quality of science and demonstrating effectiveness in relation to its theory of change (ToC). The scope of the review focused on FTA activities and results that were reported from 2017, when the program started its second phase, until end of 2019.

Traditional enclosures are widely used by pastoralists in East Africa. However, the response of basic soil properties to the establishment of traditional enclosure management remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of traditional enclosure on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stock in the Bordade rangelands, eastern Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected from twelve area enclosures and openly grazed areas at a depth of 0-30 cm. The samples were analyzed for soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and bulk density.

County Climate Risk Profiles are a key tool to guide climate smart agriculture (CSA) investments and priorities at the county level in Kenya. These documents provide analyses of the underlying causes of vulnerability and on-going and potential climate change adaptation strategies. They also provide a snapshot of the enabling environment for building resilience by providing a synthesis of the policy, institutional and governance context.

Forest and Landscape Restoration (FLR) is carried out with the objective of regaining ecological functions and enhancing human well-being through intervention in degrading ecosystems. However, uncertainties and risks related to FLR make it difficult to predict long-term outcomes and inform investment plans. We applied a Stochastic Impact Evaluation framework (SIE) to simulate returns on investment in the case of FLR interventions in a degraded dry Afromontane forest while accounting for uncertainties.