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Displaying 1151 - 1155 of 1195

Tracking the effects of one century of habitat lossand fragmentation on calcareous grassland butterfly communities

Journal Articles & Books
december, 2007
Belgium
Europe

Habitat loss and fragmentation are known to reduce patch sizes and increase their isolation, consequently leading to modifications in species richness and community structure. Calcareous grasslands are among the richest ecosystems in Europe for insect species. About 10% (1,150 ha) of the total area of a calcareous ridge region (Calestienne, Belgium) and its butterfly community was analysed over a timeframe of about 100 years.

All-offspring dispersal in a tropical mammal with resource defense polygyny

Journal Articles & Books
december, 2007

In polygynous mammals, males are usually responsible for gene flow while females are predominantly philopatric. However, there is evidence that in a few mammalian species female offspring may disperse to avoid breeding with their father when male tenure exceeds female age at maturity. We investigated offspring dispersal and local population structure in the Neotropical bat Lophostoma silvicolum. The mating system of this species is resource defense polygyny, with the resource being active termite nests, excavated by single males, which are then joined by females.

Land Use Change and Land Degradation in Southeastern Mediterranean Spain

Journal Articles & Books
december, 2007
Spain

The magnitude of the environmental and social consequences of soil erosion and land degradation in semiarid areas of the Mediterranean region has long been recognized and studied. This paper investigates the interrelationship between land use/cover (LULC) changes and land degradation using remotely sensed and ancillary data for southeastern Spain.

Effect of Soil Erosion on Europe's Crop Yields

Journal Articles & Books
december, 2007
Europe

Soil erosion negatively affects crop yields and may have contributed to the collapse of ancient civilizations. Whether erosion may have such an impact on modern societies as well, is subject to debate. In this paper we quantify the relationship between crop yields and soil water available to plants, the most important yield-determining factor affected by erosion, at the European scale. Using information on the spatial distribution of erosion rates we calculate the potential threat of erosion-induced productivity losses.

Land-Use Change and Stream Water Fluxes: Decadal Dynamics in Watershed Nitrate Exports

Journal Articles & Books
december, 2007

Stream water exports of nutrients and pollutants to water bodies integrate internal and external watershed processes that vary in both space and time. In this paper, we explore nitrate (NO₃) fluxes for the 326 km² mixed-land use Fall Creek watershed in central New York for 1972-2005, and consider internal factors such as changes in land use/land cover, dynamics in agricultural production and fertilizer use, and external factors such as atmospheric deposition.