Even though flooding is a threat to rural communities in plains drained by ephem-eral rivers, the magnitude of its impact, coping/prevention mechanisms, and the implications for river management are not well known. In this study, data were collected using a phenomenological- based research design. Field observations, a questionnaire (n = 440), key informant interviews (10), and one focus group dis-cussion (with seven discussants) were used to collect the desired data from flood- prone farmers.

High-quality, suitably adapted tree seed at volume is a key component for the implementation and long-term success of forest landscape restoration (FLR). We analysed the tree seed systems in four Asian countries—the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia and India—which have committed to restore in total over 47.5 million hectares of degraded lands by 2030. We assessed the national seed systems using an established indicator framework, literature review and expert surveys and interviews.

This report is based on the Inventory of GHG emissions from cattle, sheep, and goats in Ethiopia (1994-2018) calculated using the IPCC Tier 2 approach approved by the Ministry of Agriculture (Wilkes et al., 2020). That national inventory report presented in detail the data sources, methods and results for GHG emissions from cattle, sheep and goats at the national level. This report summarizes the main results for each region in Ethiopia.

The CGIAR is the leading global agriculture research institution working towards creating sustainable agricultural practices a reality through research and innovation. The CGIAR 2030 Research and Innovation Strategy states that the “CGIAR will contribute to collective global targets for transformation of food, land, and water systems across local, regional, and global levels.

The potential of organic agriculture and agroecological approaches for improving food security in Africa is a controversial topic in global discussions. While there is a number of meta-analyses on the environmental, agronomic and financial performance of organic farming, most of the underlying data stems from on-station field trials from temperate regions. Data from sub-Sahara Africa in particular, as well as detailed real-farm data is scarce. How organic farming is implemented in sub-Saharan Africa and how it performs in a smallholder context remains poorly understood.

The CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers, and Bananas (RTB) has been one of the leading CGIAR
research programs in designing, developing, and using complexity-sensitive tools and practices that
inform innovation management decisions in CGIAR. In addition to Scaling Readiness1
, which has been
adopted by One CGIAR2
, several CGIAR centers3
, and CGIAR research programs4
, RTB has developed
Scaling Fund5 as an instrument to nurture the innovations that have a significant potential for Scaling.

Agriculture has remained central to the livelihoods of millions of Africans. Yet, far too many agriculture-dependent Africans remain food insecure and malnourished. Agriculture is vulnerable to climate shocks. The number of undernourished people rose from 195 million in 2006 to 256 million in 2018. By the end of 2018, more than 65 million people across 33 African countries faced "crisis" levels of acute food insecurity or worse. The COVID-19 crisis is expected to worsen food insecurity in the region further, making resilience-building an even more urgent task.

Yen Bai province inherits representative biophysical, socio-economic, smaller-holder farming characteristics to economic marginalization and climatic risks and impacts to agricultural production and local livelihoods of Vietnam’s northern mountain region (NMR). The CCAFS project deployed to Ma Climate-Smart Village (CSV) in Yen Bai in 2015 with bilateral funding support from two other research projects aimed at setting up a demonstration-for-scaling example of a rural community equipped with capacities for enhanced climate adaptation and resilience.

There is renewed interest in the engagement of smallholder farmers in carbon markets. This follows in the wake of commitments by governments and companies to reduce or avoid the release of greenhouse gases. It is well known that soil can store large amounts of carbon, and soil stewardship offers a means to harness this potential. However, issues around permanence and scaling in smallholder farmer systems must be addressed if progress is to be made in this area.

To complement an ongoing CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) project ‘Enhancing capacities for MRV of sustainable livestock action in East Africa (Kenya and Ethiopia),’ which is implemented by UNIQUE forestry and land use and CCAFS, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) supported CCAFS to implement a Small Research Activity (SRA) entitled ‘Building capacities for an integrated livestock MRV system in Ethiopia’.