This chapter addresses issues related to securing access and rights to resources, and gaining benefits from the resource within the context of one community-based initiative in the village of Ololosokwan in Tanzania.

In this publication two pioneering grassroots organisations from northern Tanzania examine and present their experiences and insights from their long-term work to secure the land rights of hunter-gatherer and pastoral communities. The case studies were presented at a one-day learning event held on 5th October 2012, when Pastoral Women’s Council (PWC) and Ujamaa Community Resource Team (UCRT) joined together to share and reflect on their work to secure land rights, to learn from each other, and to identify ways to build on their achievements moving forward.

 This paper explores the development of a pilot PES scheme in the Tarangire ecosystem of Tanzania in response to specifi c wildlife declines and policy constraints. It charts the development of this initiative from its genesis based on PES experiences in Kenya. This paper specifi cally explores the questions of whether the utilization of free-market enterprise tools to achieve conservation goals infl uences Maasai livelihood diversifi cation in ways that are compatible with conservation.

El objetivo de este documento es seguir enriqueciendo un diálogo sobre las cuestiones relativas a la tierra (y a los territorios) entre la FAO y los países miembros, los pueblos indígenas, el Foro Permanente y otras entidades interesadas. En el documento se detallan. principios básicos de un enfoque metodológico para el reconocimiento territorial, así como para un desarrollo de esos espacios a partir de la constatación de que el simple reconocimiento jurídico en muchos casos no es garantía suficiente para el mejoramiento de las condiciones de los pueblos indígenas.

The purpose of this document is to promote a dialogue about land issues between FAO and its member countries, indigenous peoples, the Permanent Forum and other interested organizations. It outlines a number of basic principles of a methodological approach for indigenous peoples’ territorial recognition, starting from the consideration that a simple legal recognition is often not sufficient to improve living conditions for these communities. A more open reflection on the delicate theme of ‘development’ is also promoted and sought.

Los programas de atención a la reducción de emisiones provenientes de la deforestación o degradación de los ecosistemas, como es el caso de REDD+ y otros programas de incentivos forestales como son los pagos por servicios ambientales (PSA), podrían constituir una oportunidad para el fortalecimiento de los procesos de conservación, aprovechamiento sustentable y reducción de la pobreza en la región mesoamericana, y en particular en los territorios y comunidades indígenas.

The constitution of Kenya , 2010

Sessional Paper No.3 of 2009 on the National Land Policy

This report presents experiences discussed at a workshop on the use of collaborative business models in agricultural investments, which aimed to facilitate the exchange of experiences and lesson and to generate lessons from local initiatives to be fed into international processes. The focus was on agriculture defined broadly to include agri-food, biofuels, timber plantations and other agricultural commodities. Experience from other sectors, such as tourism, was included to the extent that they provided insights for agricultural investments.

O sector da extracção mineira, incluindo o da pesquisa e exploração de hidrocarbonetos, tem registado um desenvolvimento assinalável em Moçambique. Até há poucos anos, a indústria mineira não desempenhava um papel relevante na economia do país. De referir que houve no passado alguma produção, destacando-se a produção de carvão em Tete. Embora em escala reduzida, também houve exploração de bauxite, cobre e ouro em Manica, calcário e grafites em Cabo Delgado, gemas e pedras semipreciosas em Nampula, tantalite na Zambézia e bentonite em Maputo.

Since 1999 foreign governments have given large financial and political support to the building of the Mozal aluminium smelter in Mozambique. Half the costs of building Mozal came directly from publicly owned institutions, or were guaranteed by them. In return, they and the private investors have received large returns in profit and interest. But the Mozambique government has been left with very little.

Movida por uma assombrosa denúncia feita em Maputo no decorrer de um seminário sobre responsabilidade corporativa em 2012, a Justiça Ambiental (JA) decide começar a monitorar os impactos sociais do projecto da sociedade Wanbao Africa Agriculture Development Limited no Regadio do Baixo Limpopo. Fá-lo através de várias visitas de campo, de entrevistas, bem como através de uma fundamental articulação com a sociedade civil local.

Desde 1999 que governos estrangeiros deram um grande apoio financeiro e político à construção da fundição de alumínio da Mozal em Moçambique. Metade dos custos de construção da Mozal vieram diretamente, ou foram garantidos por instituições públicas. Em troca, estas e os investidores privados têm recebido grandes retornos em lucros e juros. O governo de Moçambique, em contrapartida, tem ganho muito pouco. Por cada $1i pago pela fundição ao governo de Moçambique, estima-se que $21 deixem o país em lucros ou juros para governos e investidores estrangeiros.