This paper studies the role of
cooperation and reciprocity on the structure of
self-enforcing carbon sequestration contracts. The optimal
contract is derived as a result of the optimizing actions of

For more than four centuries Japan has
been developing forested green belts to mitigate coastal
hazards such as sandstorms, salty winds, high tides, and
tsunamis. Although Japan's green belts were severely

Fighting famine is basic to ending
poverty and saving lives. Emergency aid, which arrives after
the food has run out, isn't enough. Households most in
need of emergency aid often don't have enough food

This report is based on seven background
papers comprising household studies, national level
analyses, and technical assessments. Household studies were
undertaken in Mozambique and Zambia to develop a clearer

The aim of the scoping study was to gain
an understanding of the productive activities slum dwellers
engage in that rely on energy services and the potentials
and challenges of slums in Ghana regarding access to modern