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Showing items 1 through 9 of 12443.
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Library Resource
This focus note presents key findings of
a 2008 report on implementing Financial Action task Force
(FATF) standards in developing countries The Financial
Sector Reform and Strengthening(FIRST) Initiative funded a
five-country study to analyze the effects of anti-money
laundering (AML) and combating the financing of terrorism
(CFT) regulation on access to finance, especially in
low-income populations. Standard AML and CFT measures
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Library Resource
The present study examines the
challenges facing municipal governments in FYR Macedonia.
The introductory chapter provides some further context for
these developments, in terms of the challenges they pose
for urban areas and their governments. Chapter Two examines
issues for financial management of municipalities under the
decentralized regime, and the attendant need for improving
local government capacity. The third chapter highlights
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Library Resource
Sub-national Governments play an
important role in the Romanian public sector. In 2009,
sub-national spending was equivalent to 8.5 percent of gross
domestic product (GDP). Romania has frequently adjusted its
system for financing sub-national government over the last
decade. These changes reflect ongoing Government concerns
over the performance of local governments as well as
attempts to increase the transparency and stability of the
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Library Resource
Moldova is one of the poorest countries
in Europe. It is landlocked, bounded by Ukraine on the east
and Romania on the west. Like many other former Soviet
Republics, Moldova has experienced economic difficulties.
Since its economy was highly dependent on the rest of the
Soviet Union for energy and raw materials, the breakdown in
trade following the breakup of the Soviet Union had severe
impacts, exacerbated by drought and civil conflict. Moldova
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Library Resource
Albania is among the most vulnerable
countries to external energy shocks and climatic conditions,
because of its high dependency on hydropower for
electricity. Given highly volatile international energy
prices and expected global warming, it is becoming
increasingly important to manage the demand for electricity.
However, the country has long been faced with a significant
problem of electricity metering. About one-third of total
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Library Resource
The contribution of return migrants to
economic development in source countries can be significant.
Overseas savings of returnees may lead to improvements in
household welfare and provide liquidity for investments in
the face of credit market failures. Labor market experience
and skills acquired abroad may also lead migrants to find
occupations higher in the skill and remuneration spectrum
upon return. This study uses the 2005 Albanian Living
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Library Resource
Asia, Central Asia, Europe, Eastern Europe
This study reviews how the integration of environmental concerns into agriculture and forestry is progressing in the countries of Southeastern Europe (SEE) and of Eastern Europe, Caucasus, and Central Asia (EECCA) since 2000 and assesses prospects for the future. The present report is a contribution to the environment for Europe process. At the Fifth Ministerial Conference in Kiev in 2003, participants decided to pay greater attention to the needs of the EECCA and adopted an environmental strategy for the sub-region.
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Library Resource
High credit growth in Emerging Europe,
generally considered a sign of catching-up with the
"old" Europe, has begun receiving considerable
attention among investors and policymakers alike. Given
heightened global risks and the demands under the European
Union accession process, the need to better understand this
high credit growth's drivers, riskiness, and the
possible macroeconomic and financial stability consequences
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Library Resource
This Financial Sector Assessment (FSA)
summarizes the structural and developmental aspects of the
2007 Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) update
report for the Republic of Croatia. An in-depth elaboration
on the stability and prudential oversight aspects of the
FSAP Update, including factual updates of core principles
and Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSCs),
are summarized in the Financial System Stability Assessment
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Library Resource
The objective of this policy note on
land is to assist the Government of Moldova in improving the
effectiveness of land management in agriculture, with a view
to enhancing the sector's contribution to
Moldova's economic growth and poverty reduction
objectives. The note reviews the progress that has been
made to date on land reform in Moldova, and provides
rigorous economic analysis of the impacts of the reforms and
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