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Showing items 1 through 9 of 12443.
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Library Resource
The transition economies of Central and
Eastern Europe, through the reform process of
decentralization, are now seeking the devolution of fiscal
powers, and responsibilities from central, to local
governments, within financially sustainable environments. To
this end, a system of local budgets, and taxes needs to be
devised, over which local governments may have control.
Thus, this report focuses on the tax on immovable real
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Library Resource
This qualitative assessment of poverty
in Albania seeks to deepen the understanding of poverty in
the country, first, by involving poor Albanians in a process
of exploring the causes, nature, extent of poverty, and how
it affects their livelihoods. Second, it is intended to
support the Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
(PRSP); third, it supports preparation of the Country
Assistance Strategy (CAS), and the Living Standards
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Library Resource
Lithuania's long-term economic
strategy aims at building the foundations for achieving
rapid convergence with Western European countries. The
medium-term objective of the economic policy is to meet the
economic criteria for accession and to get ready for
membership in the European and Monetary Union (EMU) after
accession. This will be acheived through continued
macroeconomic stability, fiscal consolidation, and further
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Library Resource
The sharp reduction in poverty in
Bulgaria since the 1997 crisis highlights the role of
effective economic stabilization policies and the social
safety nets in improving the living conditions of the
population. The nature of poverty in Bulgaria has changed
since 1997, when poverty for many households was a transient
phenomenon resulting from the immediate shock of
hyperinflation and sharply increasing unemployment. Poverty
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Library Resource
Favorable economic conditions offer a
window of opportunity for the Ukrainian government External
factors served as a catalyst for the economic turnaround but
policies and reforms have also played a critical role.
Nevertheless, the positive trends will weaken without vision
at the top level of government. An "insider
economy" threatens to become a primary obstacle to
Ukraine's future development and also weakens the link
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Library Resource
In 1989, Albania's rigid political
and socioeconomic structure shattered beyond repair.
Turbulence soon invaded every domain of life. As the state
imploded, so did the state-run economy. This review explores
ongoing consequences of this difficult transformation that
took place since 1989 and of policy initiatives to mitigate
or ameliorate its effects. Albania has been much studied;
the review addresses important information gaps. It
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Library Resource
Asia, Central Asia, Europe
This report reviews the status of the 28
countries of Europe and Central Asia (ECA) with respect to
the environmental Millennium Development Goal (MDG). The aim
of this goal is to 'ensure environmental
sustainability,' which is elaborated by a set of three
targets and eight indicators. The indicators for the
environment MDG are important not only as measures of
environmental sustainability, but also as contributors to
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Library Resource
Against the backdrop of economic
transition, several countries in Eastern Europe have
undertaken far-reaching programs to restructure their coal
sectors, which in the 1990s were in a state of deep crisis.
One aspect of restructuring has been the closure of
loss-making mines, which are often located in communities
where the coal industry is the dominant employer, and the
significant downsizing of the workforce. Mitigation efforts
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Library Resource
Albania, Azerbaijan, Moldova
The study reviews the performance of
four transition countries - Albania, Azerbaijan, the Kyrgyz
Republic, and Moldova - in the areas of private, and
financial sector development, identifying both their
achievements, and challenges, to extract beneficial reform
efforts, and alternative approaches, setting the pace for
sustainable growth. These countries were selected because
they are among the poorest in the region, whose problems are
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Library Resource
This study presents a detailed analysis
of the system of environmental expenditure in Ukraine with a
particular focus on public expenditures. It examines the
extent to which the present system meets national
environmental objectives and identifies ways in which it can
be improved and made more cost-effective. Since
environmental spending is closely tied to sources of
environmental revenues (partly a result of earmarking and
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