This LEGEND bulletin considers the key components for monitoring and evaluating the Voluntary Guidelines on Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security (VGGT).

O meio rural tem sido palco de grandes investimentos externos, sobretudo na exploração de recursos naturais (mineração e florestas). Estão acontecendo novas dinâmicas na economia rural e, em particular, nas actividades de pequena escala que se traduzem no aumento de actividades – comércio informal, emprego, migração, recursos provenientes da extracção de pequena escala de recursos naturais (sobretudo da floresta – carvão, lenha, estacas, garimpismo, etc.), pequeno transporte de curta distância, entre outras) que, em princípio, concorrem com a produção agrícola e alimentar em particular.

O meio rural tem sido palco de grandes investimentos externos, sobretudo na exploração de recursos naturais (mineração e florestas). Estão acontecendo novas dinâmicas na economia rural e, em particular, nas actividades de pequena escala que se traduzem no aumento de actividades – comércio informal, emprego, migração, recursos provenientes da extracção de pequena escala de recursos naturais (sobretudo da floresta – carvão, lenha, estacas, garimpismo, etc.), pequeno transporte de curta distância, entre outras) que, em princípio, concorrem com a produção agrícola e alimentar em particular.

The dominant debates about land in South Africa often focus on the transfer of land from a few white hands to the black majority. The discussion seldom unpacks who constitutes the “black majority” as this is not a homogeneous group. In instances where the debate touches on land use, again the focus is often limited to agricultural production and whether or not small-scale farmers are productive. This narrow framework clearly has to be broadened and we need to ask deeper and more strategic questions than the ones we have been asking.

En el presente trabajo nos proponemos analizar el funcionamiento del sistema de arrendamientos rurales, así como las transformaciones respecto del denominado "sistema tradicional" y el impacto que sobre el mismo tuvo la legislación agraria de "emergencia" sancionada en esos años.

China's presence in Africa has gained growing attention at an international level in the last two

decades, especially since the 2007 food crisis, however China's presence in Africa is far from new.

China can not been perceived as a new international actor, still its reemergence as a world's leading

economic power needs to be reconsidered. China's presence in Africa has been generating a

growing misunderstanding at a different level that Debora Brautigam clearly describes in her paper

China's presence in Africa has gained growing attention at an international level in the last two

decades, especially since the 2007 food crisis, however China's presence in Africa is far from new.

China can not been perceived as a new international actor, still its reemergence as a world's leading

economic power needs to be reconsidered. China's presence in Africa has been generating a

growing misunderstanding at a different level that Debora Brautigam clearly describes in her paper

El Panorama de la Pobreza Rural en América Latina y el Caribe 2018 de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO) informa sobre los importantes desafíos que mantiene la región con el desarrollo de sus territorios rurales para lograr las metas de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible al 2030, particularmente el ODS 1 de poner fin a la pobreza en todas sus formas en todo el mundo.

In addition to global events and food policy changes, 2015 also saw important developments with potentially wide repercussions in individual countries and regions. This chapter offers perspectives on major food policy developments across the major regions: Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, Central Asia, South Asia, East Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean.

The focus in this paper is on two relatively large maize-based contract farming (CF) schemes with fixed input packages (Masara and Akate) and a number of smaller and more flexible CF schemes in a remote region in Ghana (Upper West). Results show that these schemes led to improved technology adoption and yield increases. In addition, a subset of maize farmers with high yield improvements due to CF participation had high gross margins. However, on average, yields were not high enough to compensate for higher input requirements and cost of capital.

Stunting affects 160 million pre-school children around the world, and imposes significant costs on a child’s health, cognitive development, schooling and economic performance. Stunting in early childhood has been linked to poor dietary diversity, notably low intake of animal-sourced foods (ASFs) rich in high quality protein and other growth-stimulating nutrients. Surprisingly, however, very little economic research has focused on ASFs and child growth. In this paper we redress this omission through an analysis of 112,553 children aged 6-23 months from 46 countries.

In addition to global developments and food policy changes, 2014 also saw important developments with potentially wide repercussions in individual countries and regions. This chapter offers perspectives on major food policy developments in various regions including Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, Central Asia, South Asia, East Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean.