Poor nutrition because of poor quality feeds and fluctuating feed supply is a major constraint to tropical livestock productivity. The need to supply greater quantities of quality fodder requires development of both new forages and feeding strategies that will enhance the efficiency with which conventional on-farm feed resources are used. Research at ILRI has identified a range of herbaceous forages and fodder tree species which can be used to alleviate the constraints of lack of feed and which can be incorporated as part of sustainable farming systems.

This manual is intended as a teaching aid for extension level technicians. Deals with rural milk processing at individual smallholder or small producers cooperatives levels using experiences from Ethiopia. Concentrates on traditional products, i.e, product that are easily made, need little specialised equipment and easily adapted to the rural processing plant.

The Review of CGIAR Research Program Governance and Management was requested by the CGIAR Consortium and

approved by the Fund Council in November 2012. The Independent Evaluation Arrangement (IEA) is responsible for the review, which was carried out between June 2013 and January 2014. At the time the review was initiated, Consortium Research Programs (CRP) governance and management structures were in place or approved for each CRP. This enabled

Rwanda’s variable and changing climate is an increasingly serious challenge to the country’s

agricultural sector and farming population. Climate information services are emerging as a

means to support farmers to manage risk and provide an opportunity to build the resilience of

agriculture to climate at all time scales. Climate services include historical, monitored and

forecast information, and value-added information products such pest and disease risk

warnings, crop yield forecasts, or management advisories. The new Rwanda Climate Services

The Borana rangelands of southern Ethiopia are characterised by extensive livestock production in response to the area?s natural characteristics - aggregate mean rainfall ranges between 300 and 900 mm per annum with high seasonal and inter-annual variability. Though traditionally transhumant pastoralists, the Boranas have recently increased their reliance on crops, with evidence of communal pastures becoming either privatised, or accessible to only a small sub-group of individuals or households.