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couverture du sol

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Monitoring and assessing waterlogged and salt-affected areas in the Eastern Nile Delta region, Egypt, using remotely sensed multi-temporal data and GIS

Journal Articles & Books
Décembre, 2015
Égypte

Waterlogged and salt-affected soils are serious environmental hazard indicators for wasteland problems in arid and semi-arid regions of the World. Similarly human activities in agricultural and urban sustainable developments have also led to the development of waterlogging and subsequent salinization of soils leading to many geo-environmental problems. Thus, it is important to be able to monitor, assess and map waterlogged and salt-affected areas at an early stage to develop an effective soil reclamation programme that helps to reduce and prevent a future increase in areas of wasteland.

Ecogeographical land characterization maps as a tool for assessing plant adaptation and their implications in agrobiodiversity studies

Journal Articles & Books
Décembre, 2012
Espagne

Information on plant adaptation can be very useful in agrobiodiversity studies. Ecogeographical land characterization (ELC) maps constitute a new tool in this direction with great potential. To assess the usefulness of this approach, an ELC map of Spain was created through multivariate methods. Its performance to characterize plant habitat preferences was compared with existing ecological regions and land cover maps. Collecting sites and seed weight from eight plant species were used to test the ELC map. Categories from each map were assigned to accessions using collecting sites.

Development of Variable Threshold Models for detection of irrigated paddy rice fields and irrigation timing in heterogeneous land cover

Journal Articles & Books
Décembre, 2012

Accurate monitoring of irrigated paddy field area and irrigation timing are of a great concern in agricultural water management due to the substantial consumption of fresh water when irrigating paddy fields. Spectral threshold methods (Xiao et al., 2005) have been widely applied to detect irrigated paddy fields and irrigation timing using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Land Surface Water Index (LSWI). These methods applied constant additive threshold values (T) to LSWI and compared it to EVI to detect the irrigated paddy fields.

Synergistic effects of spring temperatures and land cover on nest survival of urban birds

Journal Articles & Books
Décembre, 2015
États-Unis d'Amérique

Climate change has the potential to influence avian population dynamics through nest-fate sensitivity to temperatures during the breeding season. Nest fate also varies across spatially heterogeneous habitat, and changing land uses may independently introduce stressors on reproductive outcome. Identifying the individual and synergistic effects of climate change and land-use change is necessary for understanding the impact of global change on native species. We studied the nest fate of 3 sympatric species breeding in urban habitat in an arid region of the western United States.

Species sorting drives variation of boreal lake and river macrophyte communities

Journal Articles & Books
Décembre, 2015
Finlande

Metacommunity paradigms are increasingly studied to explain how environmental control and spatial patterns determine variation in community composition. However, the relative importance of these patterns on biological assemblages among different habitats is not well known. We investigated the relative roles of local, catchment and spatial variables based on overland and watercourse distances in explaining the variation of community structure of lake and river macrophytes in two large river basins at two spatial extents (within and across river basins).

Spatially explicit land-use and land-cover scenarios for the Great Plains of the United States

Journal Articles & Books
Décembre, 2012
États-Unis d'Amérique

The Great Plains of the United States has undergone extensive land-use and land-cover change in the past 150 years, with much of the once vast native grasslands and wetlands converted to agricultural crops, and much of the unbroken prairie now heavily grazed. Future land-use change in the region could have dramatic impacts on ecological resources and processes. A scenario-based modeling framework is needed to support the analysis of potential land-use change in an uncertain future, and to mitigate potentially negative future impacts on ecosystem processes.

History and distribution of steepland gullies in response to land use change, East Coast Region, North Island, New Zealand

Journal Articles & Books
Décembre, 2012
Nouvelle-Zélande

Following the clearance of indigenous forest (~1880s to 1920s) for pastoral use, actively eroding gullies had by the late 1950s become a pervasive form of erosion occupying 0.7% of the 7468km² of pastoral hill country within the East Coast Region, North Island, New Zealand. Commencing in the early 1960s the primary strategy used to stabilise gully and other associated forms of erosion on degraded pastoral hill country was to establish exotic forest.

Impacts of land cover changes on climate trends in Jiangxi province China

Journal Articles & Books
Décembre, 2014
Chine

Land-use/land-cover (LULC) change is an important climatic force, and is also affected by climate change. In the present study, we aimed to assess the regional scale impact of LULC on climate change using Jiangxi Province, China, as a case study. To obtain reliable climate trends, we applied the standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT) to surface air temperature and precipitation data for the period 1951–1999. We also compared the temperature trends computed from Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) datasets and from our analysis.

Simulation of vegetation feedbacks on local and regional scale precipitation in West Africa

Journal Articles & Books
Décembre, 2016
Afrique occidentale

Planned changes to land use in West Africa have been proposed to both combat desertification and to preserve biodiversity in the region, however, there is an urgent need for tools to assess the effects of these proposed changes on local and regional scale precipitation. We use a high-resolution, convection-permitting numerical weather prediction (NWP) model to study how the initiation and propagation of mesoscale convective systems (MCS) depends on the surface vegetation cover. The simulations covered a 4-day period during the West African monsoon in August 2006.

Assessing the soil erosion control service of ecosystems change in the Loess Plateau of China

Journal Articles & Books
Décembre, 2011
Chine

Soil erosion in terrestrial ecosystems, as an important global environmental problem, significantly impacts on environmental quality and social economy. By protecting soil from wind and water erosion, terrestrial ecosystems supply human beings with soil erosion control service, one of the fundamental ecosystem services that ensure human welfare. The Loess Plateau was one of the regions in the world that suffered from severe soil erosion. In the past decades, restoration projects were implemented to improve soil erosion control in the region.

Geospatial assessment and monitoring of historical forest cover changes (1920–2012) in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, India

Journal Articles & Books
Décembre, 2014
Inde

Deforestation in the biosphere reserves, which are key Protected Areas has negative impacts on biodiversity, climate, carbon fluxes and livelihoods. Comprehensive study of deforestation in biosphere reserves is required to assess the impact of the management effectiveness. This article assesses the changes in forest cover in various zones and protected areas of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the first declared biosphere reserve in India which forms part of Western Ghats-a global biodiversity hotspot.