This manual is intended as a teaching aid for extension level technicians. Deals with rural milk processing at individual smallholder or small producers cooperatives levels using experiences from Ethiopia. Concentrates on traditional products, i.e, product that are easily made, need little specialised equipment and easily adapted to the rural processing plant.

The Review of CGIAR Research Program Governance and Management was requested by the CGIAR Consortium and

approved by the Fund Council in November 2012. The Independent Evaluation Arrangement (IEA) is responsible for the review, which was carried out between June 2013 and January 2014. At the time the review was initiated, Consortium Research Programs (CRP) governance and management structures were in place or approved for each CRP. This enabled

This report explores evidence and insights from five case studies that have made significant recent progress in addressing the challenge of insuring poor smallholder farmers and pastoralists in the developing world. In India, national index insurance programmes have reached over 30 million farmers through a mandatory link with agricultural credit and strong government support. In East Africa (Kenya, Rwanda and Tanzania), the Agriculture and Climate Risk Enterprise (ACRE) has recently scaled to reach nearly 200,000 farmers, bundling index insurance with agricultural credit and farm inputs.

Forest resources share attributes with many other resource systems that make difficult their governance and management in a sustainable, efficient and equitable manner. Destruction or degradation of forest resources is most likely to occur in open-access forests where those involved, or external authorities, have not established effective governance. Conventional theories applied to forest resources presumed that forest users themselves were incapable of organizing to overcome the temptations to overharvest.

Analyzes statistically, results of weighings made on two cattle groups at the Sarite cooperative ranch in the southern rangelands of Ethiopia & used as a fattening area to determine effects of place of origin, herdsmen group and sex (bull or castrate) on initial liveweight, weight gain & performance of animals, their purchase & sales prices and profits realised and calculates optimum liveweights at purchase & sale to maximize profits. Includes recommendations on the basis of the results.