This report at first presents summary of a talk given at ILRAD. Following this, it discusses tickborne diseases particularly epidemiology and biology, parasite antigens with vaccine, vaccine development etc. The report also reviews trypanosomiasis and topics covered within parasite-host interaction, anemia and others. In addition, socioeconomics and environmental impact, cooperative programs, training and information, research support, etc are outlined in the report.

The impact of human endeavours on the environment in the struggle to eke out a living through crop and animal agriculture is examined in a holistic context. Analyses focus on all the sources of pressure that modify the vegetation cover of rural Africa, including the effects of fires and burning of biomass, fuel wood extraction and deforestation and land clearing.

This corporate report looks ‘back to the future’—to the thousand million farmers practicing small-scale mixed crop-and-livestock agriculture in poor countries—the kind of seemingly old-fashioned family farming systems that have become so fashionable in recent years among those wanting to reform the industrial food systems of rich countries.

This annual report takes as its theme the central challenge facing the institute and its partners at the start of the new millennium: making the livestock revolution work for the poor. It is a companion report to the institutes new strategic plan, which takes the revolution as its basis in determining how ILRI's programme should evolve in the first decade of the 21st century. The report begins and ends on a farm in central Ethiopia, whose mixed crop-livestock producers are just beginning to participate in the expanding dairy market of the country's capital, Addis Ababa.

This annual report and programme highlights presents highlights of ILCA's work in 1992 under the seven programme themes in the medium-term plan for 1994-1998. The highlight for the theme mixed crop-livestock systems focuses on ILCA's work on nutrient cycling in mixed crop-livestock systems in the Sahelian region. Market-oriented smallholder dairying carries a report of results from ILCA's work at the Kenya coast, and outlines a framework for research on smallholder dairying that was developed during 1992.

Presents and discusses ILCA's research on smallholder farming in the highlands, village sheep and goat production in the humid zone, cattle production in the subhumid zone, pastoral production in the arid zones of West Africa, range livestock production in eastern and southern Africa, and breed evaluation and herd modelling.