Previous Ricardian analyses of
agriculture have either omitted irrigation or treated
irrigation as though it is exogenous. In practice, it is a
choice by farmers that is sensitive to climate. This paper
develops a choice model of irrigation in the context of a
The environment and security literature
has argued that freshwater scarcity often leads to
inter-state conflict, and possibly acute violence. The
contention, however, ignores the long history of
hydro-political cooperation exemplified by hundreds of
The authors compare the welfare effects of in situ slum upgrading programs with programs that provide slum dwellers with better housing in a new location.
This paper uses the Ricardian approach
to examine how farmers in 11 countries in Africa have
adapted to existing climatic conditions. It then estimates
the effects of predicted changes in climate while accounting
for whatever farmer adaptation might occur. This study
The Center for International Forestry
Research (CIFOR) receives its major funding from
governments, international development organizations,
private foundations and regional organizations. This study
analyzed journal citations of CIFOR publications, using the
Portugués Uma das questões mais sensíveis  justa distribuição dos encargos e benefícios decorrentes do plano urbanístico está diretamente relacionada  decisiva participação do Estado na formação do valor solo urbano, destacando-se os investimentos públicos em infraestruturas e equipamentos, além da regulação das possibilidades de aproveitamento urbanístico dos imóveis.
One of the major interventions to effect rural development in the Philippines is the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, which was instituted in 1988 and its implementation is extended until 2014. Using a panel data from a series of surveys (1990, 2000, and 2006), the economic impacts of the Program were evaluated.
In determining domestic water prices,
policy makers often need to use information about the demand
side rather than only relying on information about the
supply side. Household surveys have frequently been employed
to collect demand-side information. This paper presents a
Fiscal instruments are tools that governments use to manage revenue and expenditure and therefore influence the growth (or stability) of the various sectors of the economy. Government revenue is derived primarily through taxation. In Kenya, land taxation has contributed less than 1% of government revenue for the past three years. The Sessional Paper No.
Land plays a vital and central role in the economic, social-cultural and political lives of both individuals and communities. Given its centrality in the socio-economic and political spheres, national goals such as economic development, poverty reduction, social and political stability are closely linked to land.
Land valuation in the landscape consolidation projects is currently based on the Decree no. 38/2005 Coll on determining the value of land and plantations for the purpose of land consolidations. Land value is determined using the evaluation map which in turn is created from the updated ESQU (BPEJ) in the area of the landscape consolidation project.
Although increased global demand for
land has led to renewed interest in African land tenure, few
models to address these issues quickly and at the required
scale have been identified or evaluated. The case of
Rwanda's nation-wide and relatively low-cost land