Brazilian environmental law imposes more restrictions on land-use change by private landowners in riparian forests than in non-riparian forest areas, reflecting recognition of their importance for the conservation of biodiversity and key ecosystem services.
Voluntary certification programs are one type of intervention used to incentivize the commodity agricultural sector in tropical forest landscapes to reduce deforestation and improve sustainability. These programs encourage supply-chain actors to produce and source products according to agreed standards.
The purpose of this research was to determine the total average annual deforestation rate and annual percentage change for the period 1990-2008, in order to establish its relationship with landscape fragmentation in two areas of ecological interest in the Province of Manabí, Wildlife Refuge Coastal Marine Pacoche and 1 500 km2 of territory in the central-north of Manabí, between the cantons Fla
Ecosystem accounting is a new area of environmental economic accounting that aims to measure ecosystem services in a way that is in line with national accounts.
