The empirical investigation of which risk factorpolitical or financialis the optimal driver of country risk in emerging economies in the twentyfirst century has grown into a significant and volatile issue in recent decades This paper investigates the linkages between political risk and financial risk in four Balkan economies ie Greece Albania Bulgaria and Romania from 1984 Q3 to 2018 Q4 using nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag cointegration NARDL and wavelet coherence approaches As a result findings from the links between political risk and financial risk are being used to provide sig

Paris Agreement of December 2015 was the last official initiative led by the United Nations UN as the driver of climate change mitigation Climate change was hence linked with an increase in the occurrence of natural hazards A variety of initiatives were consequently adopted under different themes such as sustainable cities climatefriendly development and lowcarbon cities However most of the initiatives targeted by global cities with urban areas being the focus in terms of taking action against global warming issues This is due to the structural and environmental features of cities character

The economy can be considered as the transversal component of human activities over territories This fact can be observed from a diachronic perspective the way how architectural typologies arose through history But the relations between Economy and Architecture are not only established by the small scales but the larger ones Cities and territories evolved from compact forms till spread ones in a parallel way to the arousal of the shopping areas Urban sprawl could never be understood without these new typologies The paper is based on the keynote speech was held in the International seminar E

Housing is one of the basic needs of humans Families in different countries with various cultures who have different lifestyles respond to their individual needs including physical and mental in a safe place that is called house The world population is increasing day by day In parallel to this population growth housing demand increases rapidly Iran is also a country which has a rapid population growth and has developed a series of policies to solve the housing problems Affordable housing is one of solution for providing the house by governments These type of houses is the ways to answer the

Street vending is a dynamic phenomenon of network of events socioeconomic and cultural factors while remaining a narration of place At the metropolitan level the narrative is negatively skewed towards street vending and its aesthetic reality contemporaneously exploring hostile environmental interventions within the informal sector This paper attempted to explore a counternarrative asking based on aesthetic experience can the desired urban image to be achieved by allowing street vendors proliferate in public spaces This question was asked within the scope of the politicaleconomy of diversifi