Global concerns about climate change
have led to the development of new market based mechanisms
aimed at reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases
(GHGs) in the atmosphere. These carbon trading schemes
enable countries or entities within countries to trade
'carbon credits' in order to increase the economic
efficiency of transitioning to a low carbon economy. A
sub-set of these markets involve the generation of carbon

The objective of this study on the
Development of 13 Mozambican Municipalities in Central and
Northern Mozambique is to assess the impact that the 2008
reforms on own-source revenues is having on the municipal
revenue potential. To do so, it calculates the revenue
potential of four fiscal and three non-fiscal revenue
sources. The analysis shows that there is substantial
untapped revenue potential at the municipal level, with

The objective of this paper is to
present a succinct and up-to-date review of the urban sector
in Egypt, with a focus on issues for which there is new
insight or emerging government interest. The two main themes
of the report are the challenges facing the urban sector and
the policy implications at various levels of government.
Some of the reports mains findings are: urbanization in
Egypt takes on forms and processes which are not well

Sana'a is located in an upland
basin at an altitude of 2300 meters within a mountainous and
semi-arid region of Yemen. Because of its high altitude, the
city enjoys a moderate climate year around. The main rainy
season is in summer. The nearest port is Hodeidah, roughly
250 kilometers away. Bound by mountains and steep slopes to
the east and west, the city has few options but to expand
primarily along its north and south axes within its basin.

The present study examines the
challenges facing municipal governments in FYR Macedonia.
The introductory chapter provides some further context for
these developments, in terms of the challenges they pose
for urban areas and their governments. Chapter Two examines
issues for financial management of municipalities under the
decentralized regime, and the attendant need for improving
local government capacity. The third chapter highlights

This history illustrates a number of
themes encountered in Swaziland that faces developing
countries and their external partners in Africa and beyond.
Firstly, the history relates the experience of a small and
comparatively insular country in addressing complex
challenges deriving from rapid urbanization and, as a
result, the growing need to adapt governance systems and
structures. A second key issue is the challenge that small

The book clarifies many policy, and
technical issues that confront resettlement policymakers,
and practitioners. It provides guidance on resettlement
design, implementation, and monitoring, and, it discusses
resettlement issues particular to development projects in
different sectors, such as urban development, natural
resource management, and the building of dams. Construction
of infrastructure, a prerequisite for sustained

The World Bank's revised forest
policy came into being in 2002 and covers all types of
forests. It has the following key objectives: (i) harnessing
the potential of forests to reduce poverty in a sustainable
manner; (ii) integrating forests effectively into
sustainable development; and (iii) protecting vital local
and global environmental services and values. The policy
enables the bank to fully engage in forestry throughout the

The analysis reported here was prompted
by a realization that there was little reliable and
consistent information on what proportion of household
income is spent on urban public transport. The information
available uses inconsistent definitions of what costs are
included and how income is measured, making comparisons
between cities difficult. The authors report here on about a
dozen studies that have addressed the issue of

Urbanization, which is almost completed
now in developed countries and even in Latin America, is now
proceeding in much of Asia at an unprecedented rate. Many of
the countries in the region have up to half their population
now living urban lifestyles and increasingly also living in
urban regions. The forms that urbanization is taking in the
developing countries, however, are problematic. Towns and
cities that were never planned to have large populations are

Economists seeking explanations for the
global financial crisis of 1997-99 are reaching consensus
that a major factor was weak financial institutions, which
resulted in part from inadequate government regulations. At
the same time many developing countries are struggling with
an overregulated financial system-one that stifles
innovation and the flow of credit to new entrepreneurs and
that can stunt the growth of well-established firms. In

 
El Movimiento Regional por la Tierra (www.porlatierra.org) comenzó a articularse y expandirse. El presente artículo describe los primeros pasos y productos de esa acción. La autora nos pone en contexto los propósitos, protagonistas y alcances del Movimiento y comparte los resultados de 16 estudios de caso realizados, hasta el momento, en Colombia, Brasil, Paraguay, Ecuador y Bolivia.