Cameroon is currently witnessing an unprecedented wave of land-based investments, ranging from natural resources exploitation (oil, mining and gas), logging, large infrastructure building, etc. These developments happen in a context of population growth, in an increase in the domestic demand for land. There is a gap between the legislation governing expropriation and compensation in the country, and the variety of customary rules on land and resources. This context of legal pluralism results into endless conflicts opposing communities and the investors, including the State.

Despite the existence of a legal framework defining the right to fair compensation, and notwithstanding the vast literature on transnational and domestic land deals, no theory has been developed so far to allow for a specific analysis of the economics of fair compensation in large-scale land acquisitions (LSLAs), limiting our understanding of the underlying reasons of success or failure of this important legal protection mechanism.

Despite the existence of a legal framework defining the right to fair compensation, and notwithstanding the vast literature on transnational and domestic land deals, no theory has been developed so far to allow for a specific analysis of the economics of fair compensation in large-scale land acquisitions (LSLAs), limiting our understanding of the underlying reasons of success or failure of this important legal protection mechanism.

This document is the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for the second Lao Road Sector Project Additional Financing (LRSP2-AF, AF, or the Project) and is being proposed for possible financing from the World Bank (WB). The proposed Project (LRSP2-AF) builds on the achievements of the second Lao Road Sector Project (LRSP2) and is being prepared to support the Government of Lao PDR (GoL) in the management of the Lao road network. The Project will finance civil works in the form of routine and periodic maintenance and spot improvement to strengthen road climate resilient.

Context and backgroundIn response to national development challenges, the Government of Kenya has disseminated its development agenda through the ‘Kenya Vision 2030, which aims at creating “a globally competitive and prosperous country with a high quality of life by 2030”. Infrastructure projects are key enablers in spurring the socioeconomic development.

Weather Risk Management Services Pvt Ltd (WRMS) is collaborating with the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) as part of the CGIAR Initiative on Climate Resilience (ClimBeR) to develop financial solutions for post-extreme climatic events. The focus is on creating parametric insurance solutions to aid vulnerable populations in managing and mitigating loss and damage caused by natural disasters, with a primary emphasis on floods.

This brief shows how innovative financing can help cut agricultural pollution in the People's Republic of China’s Xin'an River Basin by plugging funding gaps for nature-based solutions that also mitigate against climate change. It highlights the importance of the basin that supplies drinking water to 10 million people and explains how insufficient financing is limiting the effectiveness of existing ecological compensation schemes.