The main objective of the Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) in Nepal is to identify opportunities for enhancing the overall performance of select environmental management systems through improvements in the effectiveness of institutions, policies, and processes.

There are real needs and opportunities for well-targeted research and development to improve the livelihoods of farmers while at the same time addressing natural resource constraints. The suitability and adoption of interventions depends on a variety of bio-physical and socio- economic factors. While their impacts -when adopted and out-scaled- are likely to be highly heterogeneous, not only spatially and temporally but also in terms of the stakeholders affected.

The 2013 business plan of the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) lays out the key activities in 2013, situated within the larger strategic framework of CCAFS.

In May 2014 the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) held its sixth Independent Science Panel meeting in Managua, Nicaragua.

Taking a gender-responsive approach to Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) means that the particular needs, priorities, and realities of men and women are recognized and adequately addressed in the design and application of CSA so that both men and women can equally benefit.

The gender gap in agriculture affects how men and women access and benefit from CSA.

A gender-responsive approach to CSA addresses this gap by recognizing the specific needs and capabilities of women and men.

A conceptual flash flood early warning system for developing countries is described. The system uses rainfall intensity data from terrestrial microwave communication links and the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation satellite, i.e., two systems that are already in place and operational. Flash flood early warnings are based on a combination of the Flash Flood Guidance method and a hydrological model.

Researchers of ICARDA are slowly improving towards participatory and community-based approaches to incorporate users’ perspectives. This not only increases the efficiency and effectiveness of agricultural research, but delivers what farmers want. Development of integrated crop-livestock production systems in the low-rainfall areas of West Asia and North Africa has shown the importance of the community approach in the sustainable management of collective property resources, such as rangelands and water. This approach has been widely adopted by national programs in dry areas.