Authors: Colfer, C.J.P.; Sijapati Basnett, B.; Elias, M.

The case studies from Brazil, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guatemala, the Philippines and Viet Nam highlight how forest landscape restoration (FLR) interventions enhance food security. They illustrate the ‘win-win’ solutions that can enhance land functionality and productivity, develop resilient food systems and explore the long-term potential outputs and enabling conditions for FLR interventions.

Property in Morocco is daily increasing considerably in value, and the particularly rapid urban development and agricultural changes have altered the scale of values which could hitherto serve as a basis for estimating-areas in connection with the cost of topographical surveys.

La majorité des populations urbaines dans la plupart des pays africains ne disposent que de faibles revenus et ne peuvent se permettre les fortes défenses en capital nécessaires à l'acquisition d'un logement. Toutefois, il semble que, s'ils avaient la possibilité d'acquérir des terrains, les économiquement faibles seraient capables de se construire des logements relativement convenables.

In this document the secretariat of the Economic Commission for Africa analyses the land problem in the urban areas and housing programmes for the masses. The document is in five main parts. The first part introduces the land issue in human settlements policy and identifies areas requiring attention in the interest of an orderly use of land in urban areas.

Habitat: United Nations Conference of Human Settlements, held in Vancouver in 1976, recommended that 'A national policy for human settlements and the environments should be an integral part of any national economic and social development policy.

Food insecurity is expected to accelerate substantially in sub-Saharan Africa where available evidence suggests that environmental degradation such as soil erosion, desertification and deforestation is seriously depend for increasing their agricultural productivity. As a result, about 44 percent of Africa's population live below the poverty line earning an income of about $39 per month.

Earlier (1950s - early 1970s) development planning in African countries was essentially perceived and conceived as macro-economic planning. This perception placed overriding emphasis on the projection and maximization of national economic aggregates such as the GDP, the GNP per capita income, level of employment, stability of price levels etc. as sole measures of economic development performance.

La planification du développement dans les pays africains était au départ(années 50 - début des années 70) perdue et conçue essentiellement comme une planification macro-économique. Cette perception mettait essentiellement l'accent sur la projection et la maximisation des agrégats économiques nationaux tels que le PIB, le PNB, le revenu par habitant, le niveau de l'emploi, la stabilité des

niveaux de prix comme seuls moyens de mesurer le développement économique.

This paper focused on the policies and programmes relating to human settlements, aspects of urban land policies and of policies for rational urban promotion and the elimination of uncontrolled settlements and slums.

Africa is the fastest urbanizing region in the world, with the population doubling almost every

20 years. The rural population is growing at a rate of 2.5 per cent per annum, while the urban

population is experiencing 5-10 per cent growth per annum. Urbanization becomes a source

of concern when the challenges it poses are far beyond the national management capacity.

La sous- région da l'Afrique de l’est couvre une superficie total a de

quelque-5,5 millions de kilomètres carres, soit environ 18 pour 100 de la superficie du continent. Située approximativement entre 13° de latitude nord et 25° de latitude sud, elle est limitée a l’ouest par le Soudan, le Congo et l'Angola et au sud par le Mozambique et l'Afrique du Sud.