This paper examines whether the son
preference and fertility behavior of Muslim couples respond
to the risk of inheritance expropriation by their extended
family. According to traditional Islamic inheritance
principles, only the son of a deceased man can exclude his
male agnates from inheritance and preserve his estate within
the nuclear household. The paper exploits cross-sectional
and time variation in the application of the Islamic

Expert statements indicate that annually
approximately 20 billion dollars will be needed to prevent
90 percent deforestation in tropical countries. Development
practitioners are eager to see the benefits from REDD plus
initiatives shared with local partners. Equally important to
understanding how local partners might benefit are questions
such as, who should derive benefits from REDD plus
initiatives, and how to ensure these initiatives reach the

The note is designed to assist Bank task
teams, working together with their country counterparts, who
may have varying levels of experience with promoting the
Rule of Law (ROL); some would be familiar with the African
context but not ROL, and for others, vice-versa. This note
may also represent a first introduction to ROL reform; for
those who have worked on such projects in the past, it
should supplement existing knowledge about this emerging

The conflicting relationship between
peace and justice is frequently debated in the field of
transitional justice. The obligation to prosecute serious
crimes can contradict the measures necessary to reestablish
peace among society. The predicament gives rise to a
similar, though less obvious, challenge in many developing
countries, where the formal justice system can be at odds
with conflict management initiatives. Often, due to their

The authors use recent data from the
2006 National Family Health Survey of India to explore the
relationship between religion and demographic behavior. They
find that fertility and mortality vary not only between
religious groups, but also across caste groups. These groups
also differ with respect to socio-economic status. The
central finding of this paper is that despite their
socio-economic disadvantages, Muslims have higher fertility

Son preference is known to be found in
certain types of cultures, that is patrilineal cultures. But
what explains the fact that China, South Korea, and
Northwest India manifest such extreme child sex ratios
compared with other patrilineal societies? This paper argues
that what makes these societies unique is that their
pre-modern political and administrative systems used
patrilineages to organize and administer their citizens. The

Legal and regulatory aspects of
E-Commerece and the Internet, by Hank Intven, Rdichard
Pfohl, Cheryl Slusarchuk, and Barry Sookman. Intellectual
property rights and the protection of public health in
developing countries, by Carlos M. Correa. Assessing a bill
in terms of the public interest : the legislator's role
in the law-making process, by Ann Seidman and Robert
Seidman. Property rights issues in common property regimes

This report is about how women
entrepreneurs can contribute more to the quality and
direction of economic and social development in the Middle
East and North Africa (MENA) region. Economic growth in the
Middle East has been remarkable since 2004, mainly because
of higher oil prices. Rapid job growth has followed, driven
mainly by the private sector. Yet the region still faces two
important challenges: the first is to create better jobs for

This publication provides practical and evidence-based guidance on how to improve women’s access to land as an essential element to achieve social and economic development and enjoyment of human rights, peace and stability in the specific context of the Muslim world. The challenges faced by women living in Muslim contexts do not substantially differ from those faced by women in other parts of the world: socially prescribed gender roles, unequal power dynamics, discriminatory family practices, unequal access to justice are the most common.

Mosque Welfare Agency (BKM) Semarang and Pekalongan Muslim Foundation (YKMP) is a nāẓir of productive waqf land. Management of waqf performed by BKM Semarang has not given the expected results, while the management of waqf by YMKP has given results as planned. The main question in this research is what are the factors of success and failures of both institutions in managing of productive land waqf? The answers are measured using two parameters: 1) The investment strategy by BKM Semarang and YMKP; 2) The organization's management of nāẓir of YMKP and BKM?

Indonesia rich the natural resources, such the coal mineral deposits. But in the fact state control of the coal mine is more substance for investment purposes. The economic rights of the people have not been accommodated. There is still often conflicting relating to land by the public. From the historical arrangements control of natural resources since the Dutch era was indeed the economic factor of investment into primary interest and not for the people prosperity that result in people's economic rights unprotected.

Guaranty of security of juridical act about lands is a more important difficulties in every country. Disregarding the independence of land registration system from the system of civil law and disregarding bases and functions of land registration system has resulted in making mistakes by judicial doctrine and precedent in order to propose proper suggestions for solving the problems related to land registration system and to sanction for juridical acts about lands.