In the last 25 years, almost 50 million hectares of primary forest have been lost due to deforestation. Numerous international initiatives such as the Bonn Challenge and the New York Declaration on Forests have set ambitious goals to restore degraded and deforested lands by 2030. Realizing global commitments on forest and landscape restoration (FLR) will require the establishment of billions of trees on millions of hectares of degraded land to address the triple crisis of biodiversity loss, climate change and failing food systems.

Nature-positive solutions (NPS) seek to address the negative effects of climate change, restore biodiversity, and sustainably manage land and water resources through strategies implemented at farm and community levels, drawing on both traditional and scientific knowledge, while ensuring that agriculture stays within planetary boundaries. Given gender differences in livelihood roles, control over resources, and influence over livelihood decisions, men and women have different needs from and preferences for nature-positive solutions.

Agroforestry-based food systems play a critical role in many dryland regions of the word, including Tunisia. These farming systems offer a range of benefits such as diversification of food and income resources for local communities, biodiversity conservation, and environmental resilience. Fig trees, olives, carob, and honey are common features of these Mediterranean agroforestry landscapes, and their produce is a traditional staple in many cuisines.

In Nicaragua, land use change and agriculture cause 80% of total greenhouse gas emissions, of which more than half are from livestock. Livestock farming occupies almost 50% of total land area and is a major cause of forestland conversion, especially in the Caribbean region covering over half of the national territory, with 89% of the country’s forests and the highest proportion of poor people.

Scientists have declared that the earth is now “well outside the safe operating space for humanity” as a result of our destruction of the natural world. A recent report was the first to assess all nine planetary boundaries and found that six have been transgressed.

This presentation is the second talk of the keynote session K4 "Global Plant Health
Assessment (GPHA)". The overall results pertaining to the assessment of the impact of disease
on ecosystem services (provisioning, regulating, and cultural) and its evolution over the last 10 years
has been outlined. Specific results for a limited number of Plant Systems (rice, potato, peri‐urban
horticulture and household gardens, softwood forests, and oak forests) has been described in more

Global seed transfers through trade, and collection and distribution of genetic resources by
genebanks are important pathways for the transboundary spread of seed-borne pests,
especially viruses that the insect vectors can further transmit upon introduction. Various
phytosanitary procedures, including the IPPC International Standard Phytosanitary
Measures, have been established to minimize the risk of seed transmission and provide
access to quality seeds crucial for food production and biodiversity conservation. This

Abstract Plant-based animal product alternatives are increasingly promoted to achieve more sustainable diets. Here, we use a global economic land use model to assess the food system-wide impacts of a global dietary shift towards these alternatives. We find a substantial reduction in the global environmental impacts by 2050 if globally 50% of the main animal products (pork, chicken, beef and milk) are substituted—net reduction of forest and natural land is almost fully halted and agriculture and land use GHG emissions decline by 31% in 2050 compared to 2020.

The increasingly interconnected nature of our world means that failing to achieve coherence between climate- and peace and security-related policy domains forms a significant climate-related security risk. Poorly designed climate policies that are insensitive to pre-existing insecurities and conflict dynamics may undermine political stability, amplify social inequalities and grievances, and accelerate a loss of biodiversity and climate change-related impacts.

This report is a part of the EU DeSIRA project titled “Five Great Forests of Mesoamerica: A regional initiative for climate, biodiversity, and people” led by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS). It presents the findings of an assessment and prioritization exercise aimed at promoting sustainable livelihood alternatives among the communities of Central Belize River Valley.

Africa is one of the lowest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions causing climate change, yet key development sectors
have already experienced widespread losses and damages attributable to human-induced climate change, including biodiversity loss, water shortages, reduced food production, loss of lives and reduced economic growth (high confidence).

Increased reliance on fertilizers and pesticides in rice production has proven unsustainable and ineffective due to soil depletion and pesticide-induced pest outbreaks, rising fertilizer costs, and the negative effects of pesticide and fertilizer use on human health and the environment. The integrated rice-fish system offers a large range of environmental, economic, and social benefits by improving diversification, intensification, profitability, and sustainability through the complementary utilization of land and water uses.