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Background and Context :Land is a key element for the practice of economic activities such as agriculture. In rural areas, its equitable access is an essential condition for sustainable development and the improvement of the living conditions of populations. The availability of land resources in an area like that of the Council of Koutaba in West Cameroon has encouraged agricultural migration to this area.Goal and Objectives:This study seeks to analyze land management and identify the modes of land acquisition by agricultural migrants in the Commune of Koutaba.Methodology:The methodology used is centered around data from primary sources such as socio-economic surveys of a sample of 126 agricultural households and interviews with administrative and traditional authorities. The literature review, the consultation of archival data and the exploitation of cartographic sources completed the methodological framework.Results:The main results highlight the presence of a dual land law, modern law and customary law. Furthermore, only 9% of the rural population holds a legal land title, while 48% of the migrant population has access to land thanks to donations made by the indigenous populations. Despite identity tensions between migrants and indigenous populations, the synergies of actors in the rural world put in place strategies to preserve social peace.