Over the past centuries, the mid-hills of Nepal have been inhabited and cultivated by nomads, settlers and in the recent decades intensified farming systems. The system is constantly under systemic change due to farmers own actions and policies within the confines of biophysical resource envelope. Without proper design, the farming system has been characterised by high levels of degradation, expansion to marginal fragile landscapes, outmigration and high cost of production. These challenges pose higher productivity, financial and social risks.

This paper analyzes integrated crop-livestock farming systems in dryland regions of Senegal using household survey data and whole farm household modeling. It focuses on the Kaffrine and Thies regions, which exhibit differences in cultivated land area, staple crops grown, and livestock holdings. The analysis identifies region-specific opportunities to sustainably enhance productivity, resilience, and food security. The mechanistic model incorporates factors like crop mixes, livestock herd dynamics, climate impacts, economics, and labor to simulate entire farms.

In fragile and conflict-affected settings and host communities, hunger, severe malnutrition, and water insecurity are on the rise, directly impacting the resilience of food, land and water systems. The interplay of these issues often gives rise to conflict and forced migration, with women and other marginalized groups disproportionately affected due to their limited access to channels of power and influence during shocks and crises.

With limited arable land and increasing
population, India faces a unique challenge in
ensuring food and nutrition security, especially
as climate change intensifies. Access to high
quality seeds of improved crop varieties is
critical for enhancing agricultural production
and productivity and ensuring food security.
But as access to such quality seeds from
the formal sector is limited, many of the
smallholder farmers are forced to rely on
farmer-saved seeds. The Government of India

Climate change has intensified food security challenges, especially in Africa, where a significant portion of produce is reliant on smallholder farmers in rainfed conditions. Prolonged flooding and droughts, driven by erratic weather patterns, have significantly elevated the risk of food scarcity. Floods, in particular, have been responsible for severe crop losses, raising concerns about increasing import costs if this issue is not mitigated. Africa is actively working to mitigate the impacts of flooding and enhance food security, although progress has been gradual.

Over the last decades, the government of Ethiopia has taken several measures to achieve food security for its population. However, crop production is still below the optimal possible. Studies show that wheat, maize, and sorghum yields in Ethiopia are about 26.8, 19.7, and 29.3 % of their water-limited yield potentials. Some legumes such as common bean even experience higher yield gap of 35.5%. These indicate the potential for increasing productivity of crops in the country through addressing the key bottlenecks. Several factors play important role in determining crop yields in the country.

This presentation will present the importance of plant pests and diseases and their impact on food security, with examples of exotic invasive plant pests and diseases that cross borders, as well as the strategic role of international Gene Banks in plant genetic resources exchange. The presentation will also emphasize how the international germplasm health units function, what they are, and the measures and procedures followed to achieve safe movement of genetic resources.

Climate change is projected to cause an increase in average temperatures in Zambia and a decline in rainfall, particularly in the southern and western regions. The country experiences high rainfall variability, which climate change is expected to exacerbate, resulting in likely higher frequency and intensity of already reoccurring extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods.

The adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), known for its rich nutritional composition, holds significant promise in addressing food and nutritional security, particularly for low socioeconomic classes and the predominantly vegetarian and vegan populations worldwide. In this study, we assessed a total of 100 diverse adzuki bean accessions, analyzing essential nutritional compounds using AOAC's official analysis procedures and other widely accepted standard techniques. Our analysis of variance revealed significant genotype variations for all the traits studied.

The frequency of El Niño occurrences in southern Africa surpasses the norm, resulting in erratic weather patterns that significantly impact food security, particularly in Zimbabwe. The effects of these weather patterns posit that El Niño occurrences have contributed to the diminished maize yields. The objective is to give guidelines to policymakers, researchers, and agricultural stakeholders for taking proactive actions to address the immediate and lasting impacts of El Niño and enhance the resilience of the agricultural industry.

The integration of AI in agricultural management presents a world of opportunities and challenges. We have explored various aspects, from addressing inadequate information and limited capabilities to bridging the digital divide and concerns about job displacement. As we navigate this transformative journey, it is essential to prioritize the user, embrace human-centered design, and ensure that AI-powered solutions are not only feasible but also sustainable for farmers in diverse regions.

This guide is here to help smallholder farmers deal with the challenges of climate change and make their farms more resilient. By going through this manual, we want to not only assist farmers in adapting to climate change but also enhance their food security and livelihoods. The goal is to build farming households that can withstand the impacts of a changing climate