One of the most suitable places for black alder is flood-lands, where a rise of a water level causes stand flooding few times a year. Often alder stands don’t exist in long-term, because their natural self-renewal is embarrassed. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the current stand structure and its further development. Described parameters were structure of both stand and vegetation and various abiotic factors (soil properties, hydrology).

Various forms of coastal landuse covering study site (46,785.69 hectares) were observed to underwent changes as evidently detected between satellite images sensed in 1994 and 2001 at the Banten Bay. It was important to identify what these changes were. Therefore, appropriate change detection must be selected. The image preprocessing step involved removing errors from raster data. This was done by performing basic processes, such as, radiometric correction, geometric correction and image calibration.

Indonesia comprises more mangroves than any other country, but also exhibits some of the highest mangrove loss rates worldwide. Most of these mangrove losses are caused by aquaculture development. Monetary valuation of the numerous ecosystem services of mangroves may contribute to their conservation.

Water management in Bangladesh is guided by an intended integrated and inclusive approach enshrined in government legislation since the late 1990s. Based on qualitative and quantitative data collected in the coastal zone, we assess the implementation of these policies with regard to women water uses. First, the analysis of reproductive and productive roles of women establishes that men have a significant role to play in domestic supply, and women use water extensively for small-scale agriculture and aquaculture, the scope of which has been underestimated.

The Nile Delta and its 2.27 million ha of irrigated land makes up two thirds of Egypt’s agricultural land. It is also the terminal part of a river basin that spans and feeds 11 countries. Increases in dam and irrigation development in upstream parts of the basin is poised to conflict with agricultural expansion and population growth in Egypt. Understanding where and how waters comes into and leaves the delta is therefore a crucial question for the future of the country.

Poland, like other countries in the world, increasingly experiences the ongoing climate change. However, the level of preparation of the country and its society for climate change in the second decade of the 21st century can be evaluated as low. The Municipal Adaptation Plans (MAPs) created in 2017–2019 became a subject of research studies whose main goal was to determine the typology of adaptation actions to be undertaken as part of MAPs in the 14 selected Polish cities in various geographical regions.