In recent years, Indonesia has made great strides in economic growth and development. This growth has been accompanied by rapid urbanization that has transformed Indonesian cities. Urbanization has the potential to boost national economic growth by facilitating the emergence of agglomeration and localization economies. Increasing urbanization presents Indonesia with an opportunity to leverage the transformation taking place to ensure that it is harnessed for economic growth and, more importantly, sustained improvements in the quality of life of its community members.

Uganda has started its journey into urbanization and economic development. The pace of urbanization is picking up currently at 4.5 percent per year, and likely to accelerate with rising incomes. The economic benefits from urban growth will come from exploiting economies of scale and agglomeration and by increasing fluidity in factor markets that enable substitution between land and non land inputs.

A well-functioning land administration and management system is crucial for Madagascar's economic and social future. Land is implicated in Madagascar's ongoing economic development and social transformation in many important ways, as key a factor in its quest for economic growth, urbanization, transparent decision-making on land-related foreign investments, environment protection, vibrant and sustainable rural communities, political stability, and social cohesion.

This note provides a short overview of urban land and housing market performance in Punjab Province of Pakistan. It describes the characteristics of well-functioning urban land and housing markets and argues that, at present, the Punjab's urban land and housing markets are not performing well. The paper identifies a range of structural and institutional shortcomings that impede urban land market performance, and then concludes by offering recommendations for making land and housing markets functions better.

South Africa’s cities are exclusionary spaces where the combined influences of unchallenged market forces and an Apartheid past mean poor people are confined to urban peripheries. They are also places of great dynamism and have significant potential for development. This report uses statistical analysis and national spatial data on local unemployment rates and the distribution of jobs to investigate spatial mismatch in South Africa’s major urban centres.

Pacific Island Countries (PICs) are often cited as being the most vulnerable to the future impacts of a changing climate. Furthermore, being located in the ‘Pacific Rim of Fire’, PICs have long been exposed to the impacts of a range of natural and climate-related extreme events—such as earthquakes and cyclones—and are considered to be amongst the most vulnerable countries to natural disasters. The physical vulnerability of Pacific towns and cities is further exaggerated by development deficits, geographical isolation, weak governance, and complex issues of land tenure.

This paper is an attempt to look at the rationale behind these reforms, status of these pro poor reforms across different states in India and bottlenecks hampering the implementation of these reforms. As two reforms from the RAY reform agenda are from JnNURM era, and also many states already have acts and policies to provide property rights to slum dwellers, certain case studies and legislation reviews have been added to make this paper further informative.

Resumen

Na cidade contemporânea, o ambiente construído vem se modificando, observandose a presença de áreas em transformação de uso e esvaziamento. Em São Paulo, a transformação do ambiente construído mediante esse processo, frente à dinâmica de ocupação do solo e reconfiguração de áreas pela via do mercado imobiliário, parece se consagrar como a principal força de produção do espaço urbano, apesar da existência de instrumentos urbanísticos de indução do desenvolvimento da cidade, articulado pela regulação do poder público municipal.

Los gobiernos locales desarrollan una amplia gama de políticas fiscales o regulatorias inspiradas en la idea de que el incremento en el valor de la tierra puede ser utilizado en beneficio de la comunidad, esto es, en la recuperación de plusvalías inmobiliarias. Este trabajo compara las experiencias de recuperación de plusvalías en América del Norte (Estados Unidos y Canadá) y América Latina, discutiendo las razones que han llevado a la utilización de distintas herramientas y los diferentes resultados y grados de éxito obtenidos en su implementación.