Development is a multidimensional
process characterized by economic growth, investment and
technological progress, transformation of natural resources,
demographic change, advances in health and education, and
evolution of social and political institutions. The results
of development should be measurable by increases in output,
improvements in the welfare of people, greater efficiency in
the use of scarce resources, and a balance between human

This note outlines the challenges of
retaining and attracting high-skilled professionals, briefly
assesses both the 'brain gain' and the 'brain
drain' in the health sector, and examines some of the
existing programs that encourage return. It provides an
overview of the role of the diaspora in fostering the
transfer of knowledge, technology, capital, and remittances.

This study was initiated in 1999 with
the objective of identifying the most promising path to
development in light of emerging global and regional
changes. The purpose of this volume is to examine the role
of universities in enhancing technological capability in
Asian as well as other industrial countries. This volume
also discusses the University-Industry Links (UIL) policies
of national governments, corporations and sub national

The 2007 transport sector strategy note
identified that transportation in the West Bank and Gaza
faces extreme challenges, to the extent that mobility for
people and goods is severely curtailed, with consequent
impacts on the broader functioning of society and the
economy. The constraints on personal mobility within the
West Bank and Gaza has greatly reduced the market for
travel, and hence the business and viability of the

High credit growth in Emerging Europe,
generally considered a sign of catching-up with the
"old" Europe, has begun receiving considerable
attention among investors and policymakers alike. Given
heightened global risks and the demands under the European
Union accession process, the need to better understand this
high credit growth's drivers, riskiness, and the
possible macroeconomic and financial stability consequences

This Working Paper presents the current
trends in maritime transport and port sectors in West and
Central Africa (WCA), and proposes several policy
recommendations to improve maritime transport and port
efficiency in order to enhance economic growth. West and
Central African economies, which depend on maritime
transport for an overwhelming proportion of their trade,
rely on efficient maritime transport and port sectors to be

This report reviews Community Driven
Development (CDD) projects in Lao People's Democratic
Republic (PDR) to determine their effectiveness in
channeling resources to communities for poverty reduction.
The study examines three CDD projects in depth: the Poverty
Reduction Fund, the Village Investment for the Poor (both
supported by the World Bank), and the Government-financed
Village Development Fund. Through close analysis of these

Take-up of an innovative rainfall insurance policy offered to smallholder farmers in rural India decreases with basis risk between insurance payouts and income fluctuations, increases with household wealth, and decreases with binding credit constraints. These results are consistent with the predictions of a simple neoclassical model with borrowing constraints. Other patterns are less consistent with the benchmark model.

The World Bank’s assistance strategies
showed strong client orientation and were aligned with
Uganda’s poverty reduction strategy. The programs were
substantially effective in decentralization, public sector
reform, growth and economic transformation, education, and
water and sanitation. However, more could have been done to
help counter the perception of increasing corruption,
improve power supply, reduce transport costs, enhance

This Financial Sector Assessment (FSA)
summarizes the structural and developmental aspects of the
2007 Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) update
report for the Republic of Croatia. An in-depth elaboration
on the stability and prudential oversight aspects of the
FSAP Update, including factual updates of core principles
and Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSCs),
are summarized in the Financial System Stability Assessment

The key features of the Malthusian model are that (i) income determines population growth, with rising wages increasing survival rates and (ii) there is a vital factor of production (land) which is fixed, implying decreased returns to scale for all other factors. The equilibrium state in such a model is a population living on subsistence incomes.

The response to the GRI Indicators
presents a glimpse into the World Banks (also known as the
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development or
IBRD in the capital market) complex suite of activities.
Topics that are of interest to sustainable investment
communities, NGOs, and country clients determine materiality
for the purposes of this report. Reporting priorities are
determined annually based on the corporate priorities of the