The session focused on ensuring that the transition to a greener economy is fair and equitable for landholders, particularly Indigenous Peoples (IPs) and other marginalized communities. The discussion centered on the growing demand for land driven by the expansion of renewable energy and the extraction of transition minerals, highlighting the risks these pressures pose to traditional land rights and livelihoods.

The Regional Operational Workshop in Latin America and the Caribbean highlighted the significance of community participation in sustainable land governance, with a particular focus on the involvement of indigenous peoples. The final thematic session showcased diverse experiences aimed at enhancing community land management. Presentations included best practices and lessons from the Regional Learning Cycle, illustrating effective strategies for engaging communities.

The session examined the vital connection between land rights and intergenerational dynamics, focusing on the role of youth within Indigenous Peoples and local communities across Asia, Africa, and Latin America in climate action. Participants explored how limited access to land and resources, as well as restricted participation in agriculture, impacts young people's involvement in rural areas. These challenges have driven youth migration to urban centers and contributed to an aging rural population, threatening local agriculture, food security, and traditional climate practices.

The session examined the dynamics of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) markets, with a focus on integrating community perspectives into the voluntary carbon market (VCM), particularly in the context of REDD+ initiatives. Recent years have seen a surge in PES, driven by net-zero goals and market opportunities, but concerns have emerged over carbon colonialism, as millions of hectares in the Global South, often inhabited by Indigenous Peoples and local communities, become targets for carbon sequestration due to low costs and insecure tenure.

The session explored the intersection of Indigenous Peoples' and Local Communities' tenure rights, livelihoods, and conservation, emphasizing the importance of rights-based approaches (RBAs) in achieving sustainable development and conservation outcomes. The discussion began with a global review by CIFOR-ICRAF on the implementation of RBAs in development and climate action projects, identifying critical success factors and challenges, alongside a set of recommendations for improving project design and execution.