A sterilization control of paper impregnated with spores of the heat-resistant organism, Bacillus stearothermophilus, and specific culture media in a dehydrated state is described. When suspended in distilled water, the media will elute from the test strip and support the growth of surviving bacteria. The necessity of preparing media for culturing the controls is eliminated.

FIRST PARAGRAPH OF CHAPTER: Uzbekistan emerged as an independent state in September l99l with a legacy of an undiversified monocultural agriculture heavily specialized in cotton. During the Soviet era, cotton production in Uzbekistan registered persistent gains from the very beginning of collectivization in 1928, often at the expense of wheat and other cereals.

In Cameroon, commercial and infrastructural developments are exerting increasing pressure on land and natural resources, which is in turn exacerbating the risks to the rights of indigenous peoples. Against this backdrop, the ongoing process of revising Cameroon’s land legislation provides an opportunity to secure aspects of indigenous peoples’ rights, as part of a wider effort to secure the land rights of local communities.

This paper is about the research methods, stages, challenges and results of the LASCAUX programme, a European research programme that took place over five years, between February 2009 and January 2014. The LASCAUX programme is concerned with food issues, “from plough to plate”, from a mainly legal perspective. More particularly, the nuclear core of the programme is based on the study of the concept of "food security", according to the definition from the FAO.

This paper reviews hypotheses about the impacts of rural population growth on agriculture and natural resource management in developing countries and the implications for productivity, poverty, and natural resource conditions. Impacts on household and collective decisions are considered, and it is argued that population growth is more likely to have negative impacts when there is no collective responses than when population growth induces infrastructure development, collective action, institutional or organizational development.

Agriculture, Agricultural Finance, Agricultural Policy, Farm Firms and Farm households, Land ownership and Tenure, Retirement, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Consumer/Household Economics, Land Economics/Use, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, N25, Q12, Q14, Q15, Q18, J26,

Land, as a factor of production, has a vital role within the agricultural sector compared with other sectors. However, in recent years, land mobility has become a significant issue around the world with increased concentration and competition for land ownership, limiting the overall competitiveness of the agri-food sector and constraining the potential opportunities for new entrant farmers to access land.

SEC. 1. Title. — This Act shall be known as the "Anti-Squatting Law Repeal
Act of 1997."
SEC. 2. Repeal. — Presidential Decree No. 772, entitled "Penalizing
Squatting and Other Similar Acts" is hereby repealed.
SEC. 3. Effect on pending cases. — All pending cases under the provisions
of Presidential Decree No. 772 shall be dismissed upon the effectivity of this
Act.
SEC. 4. Effect on Republic Act No. 7279. — Nothing herein shall be
construed to nullify, eliminate or diminish in any way Section 27 of Republic

A local famer-herder conflict over grazing rights in the Mauritanian-Senegal border region has triggered a spiral of violence between Senegalese and Mauritanians in the southern Senegal River bank and different Mauritanian cities. This escalation has to be understood against the background of persistent racism and discrimination of the ‘black’ population of Mauritania.

We investigated wheat price relationships between the import-dependent countries in Central Asia and the South Caucasus and the Black Sea wheat exporters to assess wheat market efficiency. This is crucial for ensuring availability and access to wheat and for reducing food insecurity. Results from linear and threshold error correction models suggested a strong influence of trade costs on market integration in Central Asia, while those costs were of minor importance in the South Caucasus.

La Ley de Tierras dispuso la necesidad de realizar un relevamiento a nivel nacional con el objetivo de determinar la totalidad de tierras rurales en propiedad o posesión de extranjeros. Junto con el relevamiento, creó el Registro Nacional de Tierras Rurales (RNTR) en el ámbito del Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos de la Nación, quien tiene a su cargo aplicar integralmente y en todo el país la ley 26.737. Este primer informe contiene los resultados de ese relevamiento realizado por el Registro Nacional de Tierras Rurales.

Measuring gender inequality in land ownership is essential for assessing progress in women’s economic empowerment, tracing the impact of progressive laws on actual practice, and monitoring SDG 5 on gender equality. To effectively assess inter-gender (male-female) gaps in land ownership, however, requires multiple measures. We also need to know which women are more likely to own land by tracing intra-gender differences. To date, no study on India has provided a full range of measures on inter-gender inequality in land ownership or focused on intra-gender variations.