The development of the Czechoslovak cadastre can be followed for hundreds of years, because its roots go as far back as the middle Ages. In the written records the area, land sort (cultivation, culture), value class, cadastral output, tenant and his habitation are given for each land. The establishment of cadastre always needs -that there should be a real conception on keeping it up-to-date.

Le service du Cadastre est assez fréquemment saisi de demandes émanant d'Etats africains d’expression française en vue d'obtenir, pour une durée plus ou moins longue, le concours d’experts du Cadastre. La mission est généralement placée sous l'égide soit du ministre français de la Coopération soit de l'Organisation des Nations Unies.

The rate of degradation and depletion of natural resources in Africa has been accelerated as a result of the increasing population pressure. The lack of reliable quantitative and qualitative information on vegetation cover and land use at national and regional levels has been the major limiting factor in development planning, sustainable management of agriculture and forestry resources, the food security early warning systems, environmental monitoring as well as in biodiversity assessment and protection.

Le Nigéria est un pays assez vaste couvrant une supérficie de 923 768 km2. Il comprend l'ancien Territoire fédéral de Lagos qui fait maintenant partie du Lagos state, ainsi que autres entités administratives.

The difference in kind between the pre-colonial and the postcolonial relations of production can he noticed through the gradual dissolution of relations based on a personal tieless gift-giving based on the market economy. The liberation of the labor forces this engendered and of channeled into a new system of constraint, led to the beginning of a private appropriation of land.

The paper focuses on the Report on the land policy formulation and implementation. The report presents the findings of the study on developing an institutional and funding mechanism and a monitoring and evaluation framework; the highlights of progress made by the Land Policy Initiative in implementing its five-year strategy and roadmap (2012–2016); and the results of research conducted by the Land Policy Initiative over the past two years on key land issues in Africa.

Africa’s development remains dependent on agriculture and exploitation of natural resources, yet agriculture and livestock production are largely carried out by smallholder farmers under increasing pressure of scarce land resources managed under unsecured customary land ownership. African governments are seeking to address tenure insecurities to promote sustainable rural and urban development, and to address inequalities in land ownership between different social groups.

Les principaux résultats produits au cours de la période considérée dans le présent compte rendu ont inclus la prestation de services dans le cadre du dialogue politique de haut niveau et l’organisation de manifestations parallèles et de séances d’apprentissage sur les questions foncières et les conflits.

"The word cadastre is the technical term signifying the surveying of parcels of land, establishing their area, value and ownership (or any other title of occupancy)". This definition seems to deal only with the topographical aspect of the system, in other words, the demarcation of a group of parcels, with their area, their boundaries and the name of the owner. In Madagascar, in addition to this demarcation, the owner must establish his title by an official instrument.