This publication, Water Quality in Agriculture: Risks and Risk Mitigation, emphasizes technical solutions and good agricultural practices, including risk mitigation measures suitable for the contexts of differently resourced institutions working in rural as well as urban and peri-urban settings in low- and middle-income countries. With a focus on sustainability of the overall land use system, the guidelines also cover possible downstream impacts of farm-level decisions.

Forest degradation causes carbon loss and indirectly contributes to climate change. Thus, the objective of this study is to assess the contribution of land use systems in the commune of Coumbacara to climate change mitigation through an estimate of woody diversity and their carbon stock. Thus, an inventory of woody vegetation was carried out on 72 plots of 30 m x 30 m in the forests adjacent to the fields and 50 m x 50 m in the hut and bush fields.

Overlooked in national reports and in conservation programs, wild food plants (WFPs)

Governance is a difficult task in the context of achieving landscape multifunctionality owing to the multiplicity of stakeholders, institutions, scale and ecosystem services: the ‘many-multiple’ (Cockburn et al 2018). Governing and managing the physical landscape and the actors in the landscape requires intensive knowledge and good planning systems. Land-use planning is a powerful instrument in landscape governance because it directly guides how actors will intervene in the physical landscape (land use) to gain commonly desired value.

The Government of Tanzania released a revised edition of their manual for participatory village land use planning, which promotes the national undertaking of joint village land use planning (JVLUP).

The WLE/Sustainable Land Use Systems project coordinates government-led agreement on zero deforestation in the dairy value chain. In 2021 it engaged new partners and contributed to national livestock actor dialogues.

The CCAFS Scenarios Project worked closely together with FAO (the SAMIS project and the Flexible Multi-Partner project) to support the government of Lao PDR (Ministry of Agriculture) in the use of scenario-based land use mapping for policy guidance, in a systemic manner focused on internal capacity for applying this scenario-based approach to multiple policies. The Lao PDR Agricultural Development Strategy 2021 to 2030 is being supported by this process.

Indonesia represents an interesting case for analysis of the relationship between multi-level governance and climate governance for three main reasons. It is a highly decentralized country; it is a major contributor to land-based greenhouse gas emissions; and it is extremely vulnerable to climate change. The chapter first provides a broad overview on Indonesia’s climate governance in the context of decentralization, and then focuses on sub-national governance of climate change mitigation in the land use sector, the largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in the country.

Kiteto District Livestock Officer Birikaa Olesikilal talks about the benefits of joint village land use planning and participatory rangeland management, Tanzania. Filmed by Marco Buemi http://www.marcobuemi.com Produced by Fiona Flintan, Marco Buemi and Patrick Augenstein 2021

IFPRI research team published a book "Climate-Smart Agriculture in South Asia" that contains various methodology for priority setting, land use decision, and policy review. In addition, IFPRI in collaboration with CCAFS has developed an analytical toolkit for climate-smart investment plans at the sub-national level in India. The World Bank Group has shown interest in the concept delineated in the above-mentioned pieces of evidence and research collaboration has been established that will help World Banks' investment decision.

Many policy makers and academics striving for more gender equality consider joint property rights as preferable over sole rights, since the latter often discriminate against women. Several governments in low-, middle- and high-income countries have therefore imposed joint rights through modifications of statutory law or mandatory joint property registration.

The impact of climate change on the availability of water affects all types of land use and sectors. This complexity calls for integrated water resources management and negotiations between sectors on the most important, cost-effective, and productive allocation of water where it is a limited resource.