A fundamental requirement for a national development strategy is an effective mapping programme. Information about the physical environment in the form of remote sensing imagery, coordinates, maps, digital data, cadastral data and land-use information is a basic tool in the planning, process.
It is not possible to prepare a satisfactory register of properties and to guarantee title to those properties unless the properties have been positively identified i.e. unless it is possible to identify the boundaries of the properties with certainty. It is for this reason that in most modern systems of Registration of Title the Registrar requires that each property shall be unambiguously defined by representing its boundaries on a registry index map before recording the ownership of the property in the official register.
A Madagascar, en effet, outre cette délimitation, il faut que le propriétaire prouve ses droits par un acte officiel. Autrement dit, il faut que ses prérogatives sur les parcelles délimiter soient mentionnées dans un répertoire public appelé matrice foncière.
L’administration de la conservation Foncière, du cadastre et de la Cartographie (ACFCC) sous tutelle du Ministère de l’Agriculture et de la mise en valeur agricole, est I’organisme officiel chargé de I’établissement et maintenance de la carte Topographique de base du Royaume.
The development of the Czechoslovak cadastre can be followed for hundreds of years, because its roots go as far back as the middle Ages. In the written records the area, land sort (cultivation, culture), value class, cadastral output, tenant and his habitation are given for each land. The establishment of cadastre always needs -that there should be a real conception on keeping it up-to-date.
The rate of degradation and depletion of natural resources in Africa has been accelerated as a result of the increasing population pressure. The lack of reliable quantitative and qualitative information on vegetation cover and land use at national and regional levels has been the major limiting factor in development planning, sustainable management of agriculture and forestry resources, the food security early warning systems, environmental monitoring as well as in biodiversity assessment and protection.
La carte topographique est tenue à jour par les géomètres officiels qui
la révisent constamment. Tous changements de detail topographique portes à l'attention de l'équipe sont indiqués sur la carte topographique révisée.
The status of cadastral and land information systems in Africa is assessed, with specific reference to their capacity to assist decision-makers. Recommendations and guidelines are provided for the adaptation of existing systems and/or the development of new systems, so that they can be used for land reform, physical planning and integrated land administration. The guidelines take into account the need to create land information for decision-makers without creating unaffordable costs to the state, given that the average per capita income for Africa in 1995 was USD665.
Administrators and politicians are beginning to recognize spatial information as a national re source as well as a part of the basic infrastructure that needs to be efficiently coordinated and managed in the interest of the nation. It is very important to develop policies for standardization, legal aspects, pricing, distribution, etc. Spatial Data Infrastructure is conceived to be: an umbrella of policies, standards and procedures under which organisations and technologies interact to foster more efficient use, management and production of spatial data.
Man instinctively and intelligently takes care of himself as well as he can, and man does this test in a society of fellow humans. The natural human priority is self-preservation and fulfillment, but in the framework of the human group- where responsibilities to others give meaning to rights that each individual asserts for himself and can test us as individualst even as it sustains us- Land can unify
and ennoble us as groups, even as it tempts us to indulge the more provincial among social concerns.
The science of "survey" was known to ancient Egyptians. Drawings and
paintings on the walls of temples and tombs, and writings on papyrus, prove that ancient. Egyptians practiced surveying long ago. Paintings on the temples of Thebe display land-surveyors using linear instruments.
Ce fut le premier levé cadastral complet effectué en Egypte sur des bases juridiques et topographiques valables. Les levés antérieurs consistaient à mesurer.